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Shloka 29

Skanda-janma: Śivā/Svāhā, Agni, and the Manifestation of Guha

Mahābhārata 3.214

नित्यं क्रोधात्‌ तपो रक्षेद्‌ धर्म रक्षेच्च मत्सरात्‌ । विद्यां मानापमानाभ्यामात्मानं तु प्रमादत:,सदा तपको क्रोधसे, धर्मको द्वेषसे, विद्याकों मान-अपमानसे और अपने-आपको प्रमादसे बचाना चाहिये

nityaṁ krodhāt tapo rakṣed dharmaṁ rakṣec ca matsarāt | vidyāṁ mānāpamānābhyām ātmānaṁ tu pramādataḥ ||

常に、苦行(タパス)を怒りから守れ。法(ダルマ)を嫉み(マツァラ)から守れ。学びを、誉れと辱めという二つから守れ。そして己を、放逸(プラマーダ)から守れ。

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
FormAvyaya (adverb)
क्रोधात्from anger
क्रोधात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रक्षेत्should protect
रक्षेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular, Present-system
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रक्षेत्should protect
रक्षेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular, Present-system
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
मत्सरात्from envy, jealousy
मत्सरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्सर
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
विद्याम्knowledge, learning
विद्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मानापमानाभ्याम्by (means of/through) honor and dishonor
मानापमानाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमानापमान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
आत्मानम्oneself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
FormAvyaya (particle)
प्रमादतःfrom negligence, heedlessness
प्रमादतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाद
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular (adverbial use)

व्याध उवाच

V
vyādha (the hunter)

Educational Q&A

Virtues are preserved by identifying and restraining their most direct inner threats: anger ruins austerity, envy corrodes dharma, concern with praise/blame distorts learning, and heedlessness endangers the whole person. The verse teaches vigilant self-governance as the foundation of ethical life.

In the Vana Parva’s dialogue where the hunter (vyādha) instructs a seeker in dharma, he offers concise practical guidance: a set of paired warnings that link common emotions and social pressures to the spiritual and moral disciplines they undermine.