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Shloka 33

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

इदमार्ष प्रमाणं च ये यजामह इत्यपि । तस्माच्छील प्रधानेष्टं विदुर्ये तत््वदर्शिन:,सभी मनुष्य सदा सब जातियोंकी स्त्रियोंसे संतान उत्पन्न कर रहे हैं। वाणी, मैथुन तथा जन्म और मरण--ये सब मनुष्योंमें एक-से देखे जाते हैं। इस विषयमें यह आर्षप्रमाण भी मिलता है--'ये यजामहे' यह श्रुति जातिका निश्चय न होनेके कारण ही जो हमलोग यज्ञ कर रहे हैं, ऐसा सामान्यरूपसे निर्देश करती है। इसलिये जो तत्त्वदर्शी विद्वान हैं, वे शीलको ही प्रधानता देते हैं और उसे ही अभीष्ट मानते हैं

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | idam ārṣa-pramāṇaṃ ca ye yajāmaha ity api | tasmāc chīla-pradhāneṣṭaṃ vidur ye tattva-darśinaḥ ||

ユディシュティラは言った。「ここにもまた、古の聖仙により権威づけられた証がある。ヴェーダの語『ye yajāmahe(我ら、祭祀を行う者)』は、生まれによる硬直した定めを立てず、総じて語っている。ゆえに、真実を見通す賢者たちは、行い(品性)を第一の規準とし、それのみを最も望ましきものとする。」

इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आर्षम्rishi-based, of the seers
आर्षम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्ष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रमाणम्authority, proof
प्रमाणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho, those who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यजामहेwe sacrifice, we perform worship
यजामहे:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, First, Plural
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
शीलconduct, character
शील:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशील
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
प्रधानम्primary, chief
प्रधानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इष्टम्desired, approved
इष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विदुःthey know, they consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
येwho, those who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्त्वदर्शिनःseers of truth, true-knowers
तत्त्वदर्शिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्वदर्शिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ṛṣi-tradition (ārṣa)
V
Vedic śruti phrase: ye yajāmahe
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that ethical conduct (śīla) is the decisive standard for evaluating a person, and it supports this with an appeal to Vedic/ārṣa authority that speaks inclusively (‘we who perform sacrifice’) rather than rigidly by birth-category.

In a discussion on dharma and social qualification, Yudhiṣṭhira cites a Vedic formulation as evidence that ritual participation is expressed generally, and concludes that truth-seeing sages prioritize character as the chief criterion.