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Shloka 28

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

एवमेतन्मतं सर्प ताभ्यां हीनं॑ न विद्यते | यथा शीतोष्णयोर्मध्ये भवेन्नोष्णं न शीतता,अब तुमने जो यह कहा कि सुख-दुःखसे रहित कोई दूसरा वेद्य तत्त्व है ही नहीं, सो तुम्हारा यह मत ठीक है। सुख-दुःखसे शून्य कोई पदार्थ नहीं है। किंतु एक ऐसा पद है भी। जिस प्रकार बर्फमें उष्णता और अग्निमें शीतलता कहीं नहीं रहती, उसी प्रकार जो वेद्य-पद है, वह वास्तवमें सुख-दुःखसे रहित ही है। नागराज! मेरा तो यही विचार है, फिर आप जैसा मानें

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | evam etan mataṃ sarpa tābhyāṃ hīnaṃ na vidyate | yathā śītoṣṇayor madhye bhaven noṣṇaṃ na śītatā |

ユディシュティラは言った。「そのとおりだ、蛇よ。知り得べきもののうち、楽と苦という二つをまったく欠くものはない、というあなたの見解は妥当である。だが、なお知るべき最高の境地がある。真実、それは楽苦を離れている。氷に熱がなく、火に冷たさがないように、その至高の知り得べき境地は、まことに幸福と苦悩の双方を超えている。蛇族の王よ、これが私の熟慮した理解である。受け入れるかどうかは、あなたの望むままに。」

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
मतम्opinion, view
मतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत
Formneuter, nominative, singular
सर्पO serpent
सर्प:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
ताभ्याम्by those two (i.e., by heat and cold / by the pair)
ताभ्याम्:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formfeminine, instrumental, dual
हीनम्devoid (of), lacking
हीनम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
Formneuter, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists, is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formpresent, third, singular, ātmanepada
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
शीतोष्णयोःof cold and heat
शीतोष्णयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootशीत + उष्ण
Formneuter, genitive, dual
मध्येin the middle, between
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
Formneuter, locative, singular
भवेत्might be, would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formoptative, third, singular, parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उष्णम्heat, hotness
उष्णम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउष्ण
Formneuter, nominative, singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शीतताcoldness
शीतता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशीतता
Formfeminine, nominative, singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sarpa (Nāga/serpent interlocutor)

Educational Q&A

Yudhiṣṭhira distinguishes ordinary experience—where pleasure and pain are inseparable—from a supreme knowable state that is truly beyond both. Using the analogy of ice lacking heat and fire lacking cold, he argues that liberation/ultimate knowledge is not a mixture of sukha and duḥkha but a transcendence of them.

In a philosophical exchange with a serpent (Nāga), Yudhiṣṭhira responds to the serpent’s claim about the inescapability of pleasure and pain in the knowable world. He concedes the point for worldly objects and experiences, but asserts that there exists a higher ‘knowable state’ that is free from both, presenting his view respectfully to the Nāga.