Shloka 12
Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum
Udyoga-parva 35
अव्याह्तं व्याहवताच्छेय आहु: सत्यं वदेद् व्याहृतं तद् द्वितीयम् प्रियं वदेद् व्याह्ृतं तत् तृतीयं धर्म वदेद् व्याह्ृतं तच्चतुर्थम्
avyāhṛtaṃ vyāhṛtāc chreya āhuḥ | satyaṃ vaded vyāhṛtaṃ tad dvitīyam | priyaṃ vaded vyāhṛtaṃ tat tṛtīyaṃ | dharmaṃ vaded vyāhṛtaṃ tac caturtham ||
ハンサは言った。「語るよりも語らぬほうが勝ると人は言う。どうしても語らねばならぬなら、真実を語るのが第二である。真実であり、かつ人を喜ばせる言葉を語るのが第三。真実であり、喜ばしく、しかもダルマにかなう言葉を語るのが第四である。」
हंस उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse ranks speech-ethics in four ascending ideals: (1) silence is best when speech would be harmful or needless; (2) if speaking is necessary, speak truth; (3) better still, speak what is both true and pleasing; (4) best is speech that is true, pleasing, and aligned with dharma—i.e., beneficial and morally appropriate.
In Udyoga Parva, amid counsel and moral instruction before the great conflict, the Haṃsa delivers a didactic teaching on disciplined speech—how to weigh silence, truth, pleasantness, and dharmic benefit when advising or responding in tense circumstances.