Shloka 27

Udyoga Parva, Adhyaya 31 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Instructions to Sañjaya

Peace Appeal and Five-Village Proposal

Devanagari script

प्रियाप्रिये सुखदु:खे च राजन्‌ निन्दाप्रशंसे च भजन्त एव । परस्त्वेनं गर्हयते5पराधे प्रशंसते साधुवृत्तं तमेव

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

priyāpriye sukhaduḥkhe ca rājan nindāpraśaṃse ca bhajanta eva |

paras tv enaṃ garhayate 'parādhe praśaṃsate sādhuvṛttaṃ tam eva, rājan ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「王よ、この世では人は必ず、愛すべきものと愛しがたいもの、楽と苦、非難と称賛に遭う。ゆえに、過ちを犯せば人々はその罪人を責め、行いが高潔な者こそ善人として称えられるのだ、王よ。」

Word by Word

• प्रियाप्रिये: in (matters of) the pleasant and the unpleasant
• प्रियाप्रिये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय + अप्रिय
• Form: neuter, locative, dual

• सुखदुःखे: in happiness and sorrow
• सुखदुःखे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख + दुःख
• Form: neuter, locative, dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• निन्दाप्रशंसे: in blame and praise
• निन्दाप्रशंसे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: निन्दा + प्रशंसा
• Form: feminine, locative, dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भजन्ते: they partake/experience; they are subject to
• Type: Verb
• Root: भज्
• Form: present, third, plural, ātmanepada

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• परः: another person; others
• परः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तु: but
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• एनम्: him/this person
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• गर्हयते: blames/censures
• Type: Verb
• Root: गर्ह्
• Form: present, third, singular, parasmaipada

• अपराधे: in/for an offense
• अपराधे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपराध
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

• प्रशंसते: praises
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-शंस्
• Form: present, third, singular, ātmanepada

• साधुवृत्तम्: one of good conduct
• साधुवृत्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साधु + वृत्त
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• तम्: that (man), him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• एव: indeed/alone
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Human life naturally includes opposites—pleasant/unpleasant, joy/sorrow, blame/praise. Society responds accordingly: wrongdoing attracts censure, while good conduct earns praise; thus one should choose virtuous behavior (sādhu-vṛtti) knowing outcomes follow actions.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, offering a reflective, ethical observation about how people inevitably experience life’s dualities and how public judgment follows conduct—rebuking offenders and commending the virtuous.