Shloka 34

Adhyāya 128 — Proposal to Restrain Keśava; Sātyaki’s Warning and Vidura–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Counsel

Devanagari script

सतत निग्रहे युक्त इन्द्रियाणां भवेन्नूप: । ईप्सन्नर्थ च धर्म च द्विषतां च पराभवम्‌,“अतः: अर्थ, धर्म तथा शत्रुओंका पराभव चाहनेवाले राजाको सदा अपनी इन्द्रियोंको काबूमें रखनेका प्रयत्न करना चाहिये

Transliteration

satataṁ nigrahe yukta indriyāṇāṁ bhaven nṛpaḥ | īpsann arthaṁ ca dharmaṁ ca dviṣatāṁ ca parābhavam ||

Translation

ヴァイシャンパーヤナは語った。「王は常に自らの感官を抑制することに専心すべきである。繁栄とダルマを求め、さらに敵対する仇を打ち破らんとする者にとって、絶えざる自己統御こそ相応の修行である。」

Word by Word

• सततम्: always, constantly
• सततम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सतत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय

• निग्रहे: in restraint/control
• निग्रहे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: निग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• युक्तः: engaged, devoted, disciplined
• युक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु) → युक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इन्द्रियाणाम्: of the senses
• इन्द्रियाणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• भवेत्: should be, ought to become
• भवेत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• नृपः: the king
• नृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ईप्सन्: desiring, seeking
• ईप्सन्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आप् (धातु) → ईप्सत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (वर्तमान कृदन्तः)

• अर्थम्: wealth, polity, material good
• अर्थम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• धर्मम्: dharma, righteousness
• धर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• द्विषताम्: of enemies (of those who hate)
• द्विषताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विषत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; द्विष् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• पराभवम्: defeat, overthrow
• पराभवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराभव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• nṛpa (the king/ruler)
• dviṣat (enemies/foes)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches rājadharma: a ruler who aims at artha (effective governance and prosperity), dharma (righteous conduct), and victory over adversaries must first master indriya-nigraha—steady restraint of the senses—because unruled desire and anger undermine judgment and policy.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Vaiśampāyana’s narration within the Udyoga Parva’s counsel on conduct and policy, a general principle is stated for kings: continual self-discipline is presented as the foundation for ethical rule and successful political outcomes, including dealing with enemies.