Shloka 5
Adharmic Victory as Unstable; Rules of Restraint, Mediation, and Conciliation (अधर्मविजय-अध्रुवत्व तथा क्षमा-नयः)
जो बलके द्वारा पराजित कर दिया गया हो, उसके साथ राजा कदापि युद्ध न करे। उसे कैद करके एक सालतक अनुकूल रहनेकी शिक्षा दे; फिर उसका नया जन्म होता है। वह विजयी राजाके लिये पुत्रके समान हो जाता है (इसलिये एक साल बाद उसे छोड़ देना चाहिये) ।।
bhīṣma uvāca | yo balena parājitaḥ sa rājñā kadācid api na yoddhavyaḥ | taṁ gṛhītvā saṁvatsaraṁ yāvad anukūla-vṛttiṁ śikṣayet; tataḥ tasya nava-janma bhavati; sa vijayine rājñe putra-samo bhavati, tasmāt saṁvatsarānte mocanīyaḥ | nārvāk-saṁvatsarāt kanyā praṣṭavyā vikramāhatā | evam eva dhanaṁ sarvaṁ yac cānyat sahasā hṛtam |
ビーシュマは言った。「王は、すでに力によって屈服させた者に対し、再び戦を起こしてはならぬ。彼を拘えて一年のあいだ、忠誠と従順のうちに生きるよう教え導け。そうすれば彼は、あたかも新たに生まれ変わる。敗者は勝者たる王にとって子のごとき者となる—ゆえに一年の後には放免すべきである。同様に、武勇によって奪われた乙女も一年のあいだは問いただしてはならぬ。その後、問いかけてなお他を選びたいと望むなら、返してやれ。急襲や欺計によって奪われたあらゆる財貨・所有物についても同じである—一年の後、正当な持ち主に返還せよ。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma teaches restraint and rehabilitation in kingship: do not keep fighting the already-defeated; instead, reform the captive for a year and then release him, treating him as integrated like a son. Parallel rules stress delayed inquiry and eventual restoration—regarding a maiden taken by force and wealth seized suddenly or deceitfully—so that coercion does not become permanent entitlement.
In Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma lays down practical norms for a victorious ruler: how to handle a defeated opponent (custody, instruction, release), how to handle a maiden brought by force (no questioning for a year; then honor her choice), and how to handle property taken by sudden seizure or trickery (return after a year).