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Shloka 5

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

दुःसाहसी प्रकृतिवाला जो राजा जहाँ कुछ उहण्डतापूर्ण बर्ताव करता है, वहाँ शास्त्रोक्त मर्यादाका उल्लंघन करनेवाला वह राजा शीघ्र ही नष्ट हो जाता है ।। यो>त्यन्ताचरितां वृत्ति क्षत्रियो नानुवर्तते । जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः,जो क्षत्रिय राज्यमें रहनेवाले विजित या अविजित मनुष्योंकी अत्यन्त आचरणमें लायी हुई वृत्तिका अनुवर्तन नहीं करता (अर्थात्‌ उन लोगोंको अपने परम्परागत आचार-विचारका पालन नहीं करने देता) वह क्षत्रिय-धर्मसे गिर जाता है

yo 'tyantācaritāṁ vṛttiṁ kṣatriyo nānuvartate | jitānām ajitānāṁ ca kṣatradharmād apaiti saḥ ||

ヴァーマデーヴァは言った。「クシャトリヤの王が、その国の民の久しく定まった生活の道と慣習の行いを——すでに服属した者であれ、いまだ服属せぬ者であれ——守り立てないなら、王権のダルマそのものから堕ちる。シャーストラ(śāstra)の定める境界を破り、軽率で横暴な振る舞いによって受け継がれた社会の慣行を踏みにじる王は、たちまち自らの滅びを招く。」

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अत्यन्त-आचरिताम्thoroughly/long-practised
अत्यन्त-आचरिताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअत्यन्त (avyaya) + आचरित (कृदन्त, आ-चर्)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वृत्तिम्custom, conduct, practice
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya (warrior/ruler)
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुवर्ततेfollows, conforms to
अनुवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-वृत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
जितानाम्of the conquered
जितानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootजित (कृदन्त, जि)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
अजितानाम्of the unconquered
अजितानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअजित (कृदन्त, जि)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्र-धर्मात्from the duty/law of a Kshatriya
क्षत्र-धर्मात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अपैतिdeparts, falls away
अपैति:
TypeVerb
Rootअप-इ
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva
K
Kṣatriya (king/ruler)
J
jitāḥ (conquered subjects)
A
ajitāḥ (unconquered peoples)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy rests on protecting dharma: he should preserve the established customs and lawful ways of life of the people under his authority. If he disrupts inherited practice and oversteps scriptural limits through arbitrary force, he loses kṣatra-dharma and invites political and moral collapse.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on kingship, the sage Vāmadeva addresses principles of rule. Here he warns that a Kṣatriya king must govern conquered and unconquered groups with restraint, maintaining their traditional conduct rather than coercively overturning it; otherwise he falls from the dharma of rulership.