Shloka 40
उतथ्योपदेशः—राजधर्मः, दर्पनिग्रहः, प्रजारक्षणम्
Utathya’s Instruction: Royal Dharma, Restraint of Pride, Protection of Subjects
Devanagari script
द्वावाददाते होकस्य द्वयो: सुबहवो5परे | कुमार्य: सम्प्रलुप्यन्ते तदाहुर्न॒ूपदूषणम्
Translation
二人が結託して一人の財を奪い、多くが群れて二人を掠め、さらに処女の娘たちが凌辱されるようになるとき—そのとき人々は、これらすべての罪の因は王にある、王の汚点であると言う。
Word by Word
द्वौtwo (persons)
द्वौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
आददातेtake away / seize
आददाते:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (आ + दा)
FormPresent, Third, Dual, Ātmanepada
एकस्यof one (person)
एकस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
द्वयःof two (persons)
द्वयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
सुबहवःvery many
सुबहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-बहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुमार्यःmaidens / unmarried girls
कुमार्यः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुमारी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
सम्प्रलुप्यन्तेare violated / are ravished / are plundered
सम्प्रलुप्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootलुप् (सम् + प्र + लुप्)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Passive
तत्that (state/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say / they call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
नृपदूषणम्a fault attributable to the king / king's blame
नृपदूषणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप-दूषण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
उतथ्य उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes