Shloka 30

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

Devanagari script

सम्यग्दण्डधरो नित्यं राजा धर्ममवाप्नुयात्‌ । नृपस्य सततं दण्ड: सम्यग्‌ धर्म: प्रशस्थते,भलीभाँति दण्ड धारण करनेवाला राजा सदा धर्मका भागी होता है। निरन्तर दण्ड धारण किये रहना राजाके लिये उत्तम धर्म मानकर उसकी प्रशंसा की जाती है

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca |

samyag-daṇḍadharo nityaṁ rājā dharmam avāpnuyāt |

nṛpasya satataṁ daṇḍaḥ samyag dharmaḥ praśasyate ||

Translation

つねに正しく刑罰の杖を執る王は、常にダルマを得る。君主にとって、正しく施される処罰を絶えず保つことこそ、最上のダルマとして称えられる。

Word by Word

• सम्यक्: properly, rightly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक्

• दण्डधरः: one who bears the rod/punishment (punisher)
• दण्डधरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दण्डधर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मम्: dharma, righteousness
• धर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अवाप्नुयात्: would attain/should obtain
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (अव-आप्)
• Form: Vidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• नृपस्य: of the king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सततम्: constantly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सतत

• दण्डः: rod; punishment; authority of punishment
• दण्डः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सम्यक्: properly, rightly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक्

• धर्मः: dharma (as the praised ideal)
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रशस्यते: is praised/commended
• Type: Verb
• Root: शंस् (प्र-शंस्)
• Form: Lat (Present), Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (rājā/nṛpa)
• daṇḍa (the rod of punishment/governance)
• dharma