Shloka 43

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

Devanagari script

लोकस्य व्यसनी नित्यं परिभूतो भवत्युत | उद्वेजयति लोकं च यो5तिद्वेषी महीपति:

Transliteration

lokasya vyasanī nityaṃ paribhūto bhavaty uta | udvejayati lokaṃ ca yo ’tidveṣī mahīpatiḥ ||

Translation

ビーシュマは言った。「常に悪徳に溺れる王は、民のあいだで軽蔑の的となる。また他者に対して過度の憎しみを抱く統治者は、国中の民を不安と動揺へと追いやる。」

Word by Word

• लोकस्य: of the people/world
• लोकस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• व्यसनी: addicted; given to vice/misfortune
• व्यसनी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यसनिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• परिभूतः: disrespected; insulted
• परिभूतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-भू (क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भवति: becomes
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• उत: and; also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• उद्वेजयति: agitates; disturbs; makes anxious
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-√विज् (caus.)
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• लोकम्: the people/world
• लोकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अतिद्वेषी: excessively hateful; very hostile
• अतिद्वेषी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिद्वेषिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महीपतिः: king; lord of the earth
• महीपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महीपति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• mahīpati (king/ruler)
• loka (the people)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler must avoid personal vices and excessive hatred. Addiction to harmful habits makes him contemptible, while hatred destabilizes society by spreading fear and agitation among the people.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on raja-dharma, Bhishma continues advising about qualities and faults of kingship, warning that a vice-addicted or hate-driven king loses public respect and disturbs the realm.