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Shloka 103

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

ददाति च नरश्रेष्ठ प्रतिगृह्लाति यच्च ह | ददात्यव्यक्त इत्येतत्‌ प्रतिगृह्नाति तच्च वै

dadāti ca naraśreṣṭha pratigṛhṇāti yac ca ha | dadāty avyaktam ity etat pratigṛhṇāti tac ca vai ||

ビーシュマは言った。「人の中の最上よ、与えられるものと受け取られるもの——それは『不顕』(アヴィヤクタ)であると言われる。その不顕なるものこそが、また受け取るのだ。賢者たちはそのブラフマンを永遠にして浄化するものと宣言する。ゆえにそれを知れば、汝もまた浄められる。施しにおいて、施す者、施物、施しを是認すること、受ける者——それらは真実には同一の不顕なる至上実在である。彼のみが与え、彼のみが受け取る。」

ददातिgives
ददाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
प्रतिगृह्णातिaccepts/receives (in return)
प्रतिगृह्णाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-ग्रह् (ग्रहणे)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
यत्whatever (that which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
indeed/for emphasis
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ददातिgives
ददाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
अव्यक्तःthe unmanifest (one)
अव्यक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
प्रतिगृह्णातिaccepts/receives (in return)
प्रतिगृह्णाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-ग्रह् (ग्रहणे)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैindeed/certainly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brahman
A
Avyakta
P
Paramātmā
D
dāna (gift/charity)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches a non-dual vision of ethical action: in true understanding, the giver, the gift, the act of giving (including approving it), and the receiver are not ultimately separate; all are the Unmanifest Supreme Reality (Brahman/Paramatman). Knowing this purifies the mind and elevates charity from mere transaction to spiritual realization.

In the Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhisthira on dharma after the war. Here he explains the inner metaphysical basis of dāna (charity), urging Yudhisthira to see the Supreme Reality as present in every role within the act of giving, thereby making the practice purifying and aligned with highest wisdom.