Shloka 7
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
पितृणां विषयान ज्ञात्वा तिर्यक्षु चरतां नूप । सुपर्णविषयान् ज्ञात्वा मरुतां विषयांस्तथा
pitṝṇāṁ viṣayān jñātvā tiryakṣu caratāṁ nūpa | suparṇaviṣayān jñātvā marutāṁ viṣayāṁs tathā ||
ビーシュマは言った。「王よ、祖霊（ピトリ）に属する経験の領域を悟り、また畜生の界を行く者たちの領域を悟り、さらにスパルナ（ガルダ）の領域と、同じくマルト神群の領域を悟るならば、諸々の存在の階梯がそれぞれの対象と条件にいかに縛られているかを見分ける眼が得られる。この知は倫理的な自制を支える。すなわち、感官に駆られた欲望が諸世界において持つ限界と帰結を明らかにし、心をあらゆる条件づけられた『領域』を超えて解脱へ至る道へと向けさせるのである。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse points to a contemplative discipline: by understanding the ‘viṣayas’—the conditioned spheres and sense-objects that govern different classes of beings (ancestors, animals, Garuḍa, Maruts)—one recognizes the relativity and limitation of worldly enjoyments. This supports ethical restraint and strengthens the turn toward Sāṅkhya-Yoga insight aimed at liberation beyond all such domains.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) on higher dharma and the paths of knowledge. Here he continues a cosmological-psychological mapping of various beings’ ‘domains’ to show how desire and experience are structured across worlds, preparing the listener for a mokṣa-oriented understanding.