Shloka 5

अध्याय २९७ — श्रेयः, धृति, दान-नियमाः

Welfare, Steadfastness, and Norms of Giving

Devanagari script

पारिबर्द: सुसंयुक्तमुद्यतं तुल्यतां गतम्‌ अतिक्रमेत्‌ तं नृपति:ः संग्रामे क्षत्रियात्मजम्‌

Transliteration

pāribardaḥ susaṃyuktam udyataṃ tulyatāṃ gatam atikramet taṃ nṛpatiḥ saṃgrāme kṣatriyātmajam

Translation

パラーシャラは言った。「戦いにおいて王は、装備が整い、万全に備え、対等の敵として立つクシャトリヤの子を、度を越えて踏みにじったり軽んじたりしてはならぬ。」

Word by Word

• पारिबर्दः: the charioteer (paribarda)
• पारिबर्दः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारिबर्द
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सुसंयुक्तम्: well-yoked / well-harnessed
• सुसंयुक्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुसंयुक्त
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उद्यतम्: raised / ready / prepared
• उद्यतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उद्यत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तुल्यताम्: equality / parity
• तुल्यताम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुल्यता
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• गतम्: gone to / attained
• गतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अतिक्रमेत्: should overstep / surpass
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति-क्रम्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• नृपतिः: the king
• नृपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संग्रामे: in battle
• संग्रामे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्राम
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• क्षत्रियात्मजम्: a Kshatriya's son / prince
• क्षत्रियात्मजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रिय-आत्मज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

पराशर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• पराशर (Parāśara)
• नृपति (king)
• क्षत्रियात्मज (kṣatriya’s son/warrior)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler must uphold dharma even in war: do not act unjustly toward a properly armed and ready opponent who stands on equal terms; fairness and restraint are essential to righteous kingship.

What is happening in the narrative?

Parāśara is instructing about conduct in battle, stating that a king should not transgress against a kṣatriya youth who is fully equipped and prepared—implying rules of honorable engagement.