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Shloka 26

अव्यक्त-प्रबोधः (Awakening to the Unmanifest): The 25th and 26th Principles and Eligibility for Brahma-vidyā

नरश्रेष्ठ! ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्य--ये तीन वर्ण द्विजाति कहलाते हैं। उपर्युक्त धर्मोमें इन्हींका अधिकार है ।।

naraśreṣṭha! brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya aura vaiśya—ye trayaḥ varṇā dvijātayaḥ kathyante; uparyukteṣu dharmeṣu eṣām eva adhikāraḥ. vikarmāvasthitā varṇāḥ patante nṛpate trayaḥ; unnamanti yathāsantam āśritya iha svakarmasu. nareśvara! ye trayaḥ varṇā viparīta-karmeṣu pravṛttāḥ san patitā bhavanti; satpuruṣān āśritya sva-sva-karmaṇi sthitvā yathā unnatiḥ, tathā viparīta-karmācaraṇena patanam api bhavati.

おお、人のうち最もすぐれた者よ。バラモン、クシャトリヤ、ヴァイシャ——この三つのヴァルナは「二度生まれし者」(ドヴィジャ)と呼ばれ、上に説かれた諸義務に対する正当な権利を有するのは彼らである。おお王よ。これら三つの身分が禁じられた行い、あるいは自らの本分に背く行いに赴くとき、彼らは本来の位から堕ちる。だがこの世において善き人々の導きに帰依し、それぞれに定められた務めに堅く立つならば、その分だけ高められる。おお人の主よ。徳ある者の庇護のもとで自分のダルマを守れば向上がもたらされるように、逆の行いを実践すれば衰退がもたらされるのである。

विकर्मin wrong action
विकर्म:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अवस्थिताःsituated/engaged
अवस्थिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअवस्था (अव + √स्था)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्णाःclasses (varnas)
वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पतन्तेfall (down)
पतन्ते:
TypeVerb
Root√पत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
नृपतेO king
नृपते:
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उन्नमन्तिrise/prosper
उन्नमन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + √नम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सन्तम्a good man / the virtuous
सन्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्रित्यhaving resorted to
आश्रित्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ + √श्रि
FormGerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
इहhere (in this world/teaching)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
स्वकर्मसुin their own duties
स्वकर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
N
nṛpati (king)
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
V
vaiśya
S
satpuruṣa

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the three twice-born orders (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya) rise when they adhere to their own prescribed duties under the guidance of virtuous people, and they fall when they engage in actions contrary to their dharma (vikarma/viparīta-karma).

Parāśara addresses a king, explaining a principle of social-ethical order: eligibility for certain dharmas belongs to the twice-born, and their prosperity or downfall depends on whether they remain established in their own duties or deviate into forbidden conduct.