Shloka 27
Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle
Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification
जब मनुष्यकी बुद्धि नष्ट हो जाती है, तब वह न्यायको नहीं देख पाता अर्थात् कर्तव्य और अकर्तव्यका निर्णय नहीं कर पाता है। इसलिये सुखका क्षय हो जानेपर प्रत्येक पुरुषको घोर तपस्या करनी चाहिये ।।
yad iṣṭaṃ tat sukhaṃ prāhur dhaiṣyaṃ duḥkham iheṣyate | kṛtākṛtasya tapasaḥ phalaṃ paśyasva yādṛśam ||
パラーシャラは言った。「欲するものは幸福と呼ばれ、心に逆らうものはこの世では苦しみと見なされる。ゆえに、苦行（タパス）を行う場合と怠る場合とで、いかなる果が生じるのかを明らかに理解せよ。人の分別が崩れ去ると、正義を見失い、なすべきこととなすべからざることを決することができない。だからこそ、幸福が衰えるときには、正しい判断と安寧を取り戻すため、厳しい自己鍛錬（タパス）に身を投じるべきである。」
पराशर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Happiness and suffering are framed in terms of what the mind finds agreeable or disagreeable, and the verse urges one to recognize the concrete consequences of practicing tapas (disciplined austerity) versus neglecting it—especially because loss of discernment makes one unable to judge duty and non-duty.
In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, the sage Parāśara instructs his listener on ethical psychology: when intellect fails, moral vision is lost; therefore one should adopt rigorous self-discipline to regain clarity and secure well-being.