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Shloka 32

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

विद्वान्‌ पुरुष शिकार करने, जूआ खेलने, स्त्रियोंके संसर्गमें रहने और मदिरा पीनेके प्रसंगोंकी बड़ी निन्‍्दा करते हैं, परंतु इन पापकर्मोमें अनेक शास्त्रोंके श्रवण और अध्ययनसे सम्पन्न पुरुष भी संलग्न देखे जाते हैं ।। इति कालेन सर्वार्थनीप्सितानीप्सितानिह । स्पृशन्ति सर्वभूतानि निमित्तं नोपलभ्यते,इस प्रकार कालके प्रभावसे समस्त प्राणी इष्ट और अनिष्ट पदार्थोंको प्राप्त करते रहते हैं, इस इष्ट और अनिष्टकी प्राप्तिका अदृष्टके सिवा दूसरा कोई कारण नहीं दिखायी देता

janaka uvāca | vidvān puruṣāḥ śikāra-karaṇe dyūta-krīḍāyāṃ strī-saṃsarge ca madya-pāne ca prasangeṣu mahāṃ nindāṃ kurvanti, kintu etaiḥ pāpa-karmabhir aneka-śāstra-śravaṇa-adhyayana-sampannā api puruṣāḥ saṃlagnā dṛśyante || iti kālena sarvārtha-niḥspṛhāni spṛśanti sarva-bhūtāni; iṣṭāni aniṣṭāni ca prāpnuvanti; nimittaṃ nopalabhyate—adṛṣṭam eva kāraṇam iva dṛśyate ||

ジャナカ王は言った。「賢者は狩猟、賭博、女との交わり、酒宴といった機会を強く非難する。だが多くの聖典を聴聞し学修して成った者でさえ、まさにその罪業に絡め取られているのを我らは見る。かくして時(カーラ)の圧力のもと、あらゆる生きものは望むものと望まぬものに絶えず触れてゆく。これらの得失に、明白で目に見える原因は見いだされない。見えざる宿業の力(アドリシュタ adṛṣṭa)を除けば、他に理由は現れぬのだ。」

इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
कालेनby time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सर्वार्थान्all objects/ends
सर्वार्थान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ईप्सितान्desired
ईप्सितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootईप्सित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनईप्सितान्undesired
अनईप्सितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनईप्सित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
स्पृशन्तिattain/touch
स्पृशन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृश्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
सर्वभूतानिall beings
सर्वभूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
निमित्तम्cause/reason
निमित्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिमित्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपलभ्यतेis found/obtained
उपलभ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (Passive), Third, Singular

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
K
Kāla (Time)
A
adṛṣṭa (the unseen destiny)

Educational Q&A

Even the learned can fall into condemned pleasures; therefore moral failure cannot be explained only by knowledge. Janaka points to Kāla (Time) and adṛṣṭa (the unseen force of destiny/karmic fruition) as shaping the arrival of desirable and undesirable experiences, reminding one to cultivate vigilance and self-mastery rather than relying on learning alone.

King Janaka is speaking in the Śānti Parva, reflecting on human conduct. He observes a paradox: people who know the śāstras still engage in hunting, gambling, sensual indulgence, and intoxication. He then generalizes this observation into a philosophical claim that beings meet with pleasant and unpleasant outcomes under the influence of Time, with no obvious visible cause beyond the unseen workings of destiny.