Shloka 4
उशनसः (शुक्रस्य) चरितम् — The Account of Uśanā (Śukra): Yoga, Grievance, and Pacification
विमुक्ता: सप्तदशभिहेंतुभूतैश्व॒ पठचभि: । इन्द्रियार्थर्गुणैश्वैव अष्टाभिश्व पितामह
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | vimuktāḥ saptadaśabhir hetubhūtaiś ca pañcabhiḥ | indriyārthaguṇaiś caiva aṣṭābhiś ca pitāmaha pitāmaha | pañca jñānendriyāṇi pañca karmendriyāṇi pañca prāṇāḥ manaś ca buddhis ca—ime saptadaśa tattvāni | kāmaḥ krodho lobho bhayaṃ svapnaś ca—ime saṃsārasya pañca hetavaḥ | śabdaḥ sparśo rūpaṃ raso gandhaś ca—ime pañca viṣayāḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tamaś ca—ime trayo guṇāḥ | pañcabhūtaiḥ saha avidyā ahaṃkāraḥ karma ca—ime aṣṭa tattvasaṃghātāḥ | etaiḥ sarvair vimuktās tīkṣṇavratadharā munayaḥ punarjanma na prāpnuvanti | parantapa pitāmaha vayaṃ api kadā rājyaṃ tyaktvā etām eva sthitiṃ prāpsyāmaḥ ||
ユディシュティラは言った。「大父よ、大父よ。十七の構成原理から解き放たれ、輪廻に縛りつける五つの因から離れ、感官の対象と三つのグナを超え、さらに八つの聚（大元素と内なる煩悩を含む）をも超克した、厳誓の修行者たちは、再び生を受けることがない。十七とは、五つの知覚器官、五つの行為器官、五つの生命気、そして心と知性である。輪廻の五因とは、欲、怒り、貪り、恐れ、そして夢である。五つの対象とは、声・触・色・味・香である。三つのグナとは、サットヴァ、ラジャス、タマスである。また五大とともに、無明・我執・業が八つの聚を成す。これらすべてを超えたとき、厳しい誓いを守る賢者は再生しない。敵を焼き払う御方よ、いつ我らも王権を捨て、まさにその境地に至るのでしょうか。」
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Liberation is described as transcending the constituents that structure embodied experience—sense faculties, vital functions, mind and intellect—along with the psychological drivers of bondage (desire, anger, greed, fear, and dream-like projection), the pull of sense-objects, the three guṇas, and the deeper roots of ignorance, ego-sense, and karma. When these are overcome, rebirth ceases.
In the Śānti Parva instruction setting, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘Grandsire’ and reflects on the ideal of ascetic freedom from rebirth. He then turns the teaching inward, asking when he and his brothers will be able to relinquish royal power and attain that same liberated state.