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Shloka 41

कपिल–स्यूमरश्मि संवादः

Kapila and Syūmaraśmi on Renunciation, Householder Support, and Epistemic Authority

तानि जीवानि वक्रीय का मृतेषु विचारणा । पाँच इन्द्रियोंवाले समस्त प्राणियोंमें सूर्य, चन्द्र, वायु, ब्रह्मा, प्राण, यज्ञ और यमराज-- इन सब देवताओंका निवास है, जो उन्हें जीते-जी बेचकर जीविका चलाते हैं, उन्हें अधर्मकी प्राप्ति होती है। फिर मृत जीवोंका विक्रय करनेवालोंके विषयमें तो कहा ही क्या जाय? ।।

tulādhāra uvāca | tāni jīvāni vakrīyā kā mṛteṣu vicāraṇā | pañcendriyavāle samasta-prāṇiṣu sūrya-candra-vāyu-brahmā-prāṇa-yajña-yamarāja—eteṣāṃ sarvadevatānāṃ nivāsaḥ | ye tān jīvatāṃ vikrīya jīvikāṃ calayanti teṣām adharmaprāptiḥ | punaḥ mṛta-jīvānāṃ vikrayakartṝṇāṃ viṣaye tu kiṃ vaktavyam || ajoḍan-nirvaruṇo meṣaḥ sūryo’śvaḥ pṛthivī virāṭ ||

トゥラーダーラは言った。「生き物を売ることですら道徳の咎を招くのなら、死んだものについて何を思案する必要があろうか。五つの感官を具えたあらゆる生類のうちには、太陽、月、風、ブラフマー、プラーナ(生命の息)、ヤジュニャ(祭祀)、そしてヤマという神的な力が宿っている。そうした生き物を売って生計を立てる者はアダルマに堕ちる。まして死骸を商う者については、言うまでもない。」(続いて短く謎めいた列挙がある。「山羊…牡羊…ヴァルナ…馬としての太陽…ヴィラートとしての大地。」)

तानिthose (things/beings)
तानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
जीवानिliving beings
जीवानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
वक्रीयO crooked one / crooked-minded (address)
वक्रीय:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवक्रीय
FormMasculine, Vocative/Nominative, Singular
काwhat (use/point)?
का:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मृतेषुamong the dead (beings)
मृतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
विचारणाconsideration, deliberation
विचारणा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविचारणा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अजोडत्joined, yoked
अजोडत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजुड् (जोड्)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
निर्वरुणःNirvaruṇa (name/epithet)
निर्वरुणः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootनिर्वरुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेषःa ram
मेषः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सूर्यःthe Sun
सूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वःa horse
अश्वः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पृथिवीthe Earth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विराट्Virāṭ / the cosmic being (epithet)
विराट्:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootविराट्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

तुलाधार उवाच

T
Tulādhāra
S
Sūrya
C
Candra
V
Vāyu
B
Brahmā
P
Prāṇa
Y
Yajña
Y
Yamarāja (Yama)
V
Varuṇa
P
Pṛthivī
V
Virāṭ
A
Aśva (horse)
M
Meṣa (ram)
A
Aja (goat)

Educational Q&A

Trading in sentient life for profit is condemned as adharma because five-sensed beings are treated as abodes of divine principles; if selling the living is blameworthy, selling the dead is even more so.

In the Śānti Parva’s ethical instruction, Tulādhāra continues advising on righteous conduct and livelihood, arguing against commerce that harms or commodifies living creatures, grounding the point in a theology of deities dwelling within beings.