Shloka 8
Adhyāya 241: Guṇa-sṛṣṭi, Kṣetrajña-sākṣitva, and Śama through Ātma-jñāna (गुणसृष्टिः, क्षेत्रज्ञसाक्षित्वं, शमः)
कर्मणा जायते प्रेत्य मूर्तिमान्ू षोडशात्मक: । विद्यया जायते नित्यमव्यक्त हाव्ययात्मकम्
bhīṣma uvāca | karmaṇā jāyate pretya mūrtimān ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ | vidyayā jāyate nityam avyaktam avyayātmakam ||
ビーシュマは言った。「業（カルマ）によって、死後、衆生は十六の原理から成る有形の身を帯びて再び生まれる。だが真の知（ヴィディヤー）によっては、常に—すなわち到達して—未顕（アヴィヤクタ）にして不滅なる本質へと至るのである。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Actions (karma) bind the self to post-mortem rebirth in an embodied form made of the ‘sixteen principles,’ whereas liberating knowledge (vidyā/jñāna) leads to realization/attainment of the unmanifest, imperishable reality—i.e., freedom from embodied becoming.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhishma continues his discourse to Yudhishthira by contrasting two paths and outcomes: karmic continuity producing another embodied existence versus knowledge culminating in the unmanifest, undecaying principle (paramātman/brahman).