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Shloka 983

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

कालो हरति सम्प्राप्तो नदीवेग इव द्रुमम्‌ “जैसे नदीका वेग सहसा बढ़कर किनारेके वृक्षका हरण कर लेता है। उसी प्रकार “यह आज करूँगा और वह कल पूरा करूँगा।” ऐसा कहनेवाले पुरुषका काल सहसा आकर हरण कर लेता है

kālo harati samprāpto nadī-vega iva drumam |

ビーシュマは言った。「時が来れば、人は奪い去られる。川の流れがにわかに増して岸の木をさらうように。同じく、『これは今日やろう、あれは明日仕上げよう』と言い続ける者は、時に不意に捕らえられ、連れ去られる。」

कालःTime, Death
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हरतिcarries off, takes away
हरति:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सम्प्राप्तःhaving arrived, come upon
सम्प्राप्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-प्र-आप्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
नदी-वेगःthe river’s current/force
नदी-वेगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदी + वेग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
द्रुमम्tree
द्रुमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रुम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

K
Kāla (Time/Death)
N
nadī (river)
D
druma (tree)

Educational Q&A

Do not rely on postponement. Life is uncertain, and when Time (death) arrives it can take one away abruptly; therefore one should act with urgency in dharma and meaningful duties.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira through moral counsel. Here he uses a vivid simile—an unexpected river surge uprooting a tree—to warn that Time can suddenly end a person’s plans.