Shloka 44

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

Devanagari script

तदद्य विनिवृत्तं मे प्रभुत्वममराधिप । कालसैन्यावगाढस्य सर्व न प्रतिभाति मे

Transliteration

tad adya vinivṛttaṃ me prabhutvam amarādhipa | kālasainyāvagāḍhasya sarvaṃ na pratibhāti me ||

Translation

今日、我が主権は尽きた、あまねく不死者の主よ。時（カーラ）の軍勢に侵され、呑み込まれ、かつての栄光はもはや我には輝かぬ。この言葉は、神々の力すらも道徳と形而上の法の下に置く――時（kāla）はあらゆる条件づけられた権威を屈服させるのだ。ゆえに、驕りを捨て、支配への執着を離れよと促す。

Word by Word

• तत्: that (power/sovereignty)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• विनिवृत्तम्: ended/ceased/withdrawn
• विनिवृत्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नि-वृत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• मे: of me / my
• मे: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• प्रभुत्वम्: sovereignty/lordship
• प्रभुत्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभुत्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अमर-अधिप: O lord of the immortals
• अमर-अधिप: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमराधिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• काल-सैन्य-अवगाढस्य: of one overwhelmed/engulfed by the army of Time
• काल-सैन्य-अवगाढस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कालसैन्यावगाढ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• सर्वम्: everything/all
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• प्रतिभाति: appears/seems/shines forth
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-भा
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मे: to me / for me
• मे: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Dative/Genitive, Singular

• अमर-ईश्वर: O lord of the immortals
• अमर-ईश्वर: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमरेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

श॒क्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Amarādhipa/Amareśvara (Indra, as addressed)
• Kāla (Time/Death personified)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the highest sovereignty is not absolute: Time (kāla) overmasters all worldly and heavenly power. The verse teaches humility before cosmic law and encourages non-attachment to status, authority, and splendor.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) confesses that his former lordship and radiance no longer manifest because he feels overwhelmed by the force of Time—portrayed as an invading army—signaling a moment of divine vulnerability and recognition of impermanence.