Shloka 25
बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account
On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics
अकृष्टाश्वैव हंसाश्चन ऋषयो वाग्नियोनय: । वानप्रस्था: पृश्रयश्च स्थिता ब्रह्मानुशासने
bhīṣma uvāca |
akṛṣṭāś caiva haṃsāś ca ṛṣayo vāgnayonayaḥ |
vānaprasthāḥ pṛśrayāś ca sthitā brahmānuśāsane ||
ビーシュマは言った。「耕さずして生じた穀を糧とする者、 ‘ハンサ’の出家行者、火より生まれた聖仙、森に住むヴァーナプラスタたち—さらにプṛシュラヤの苦行者をも合わせ—彼らは皆、梵天の法令のもとに確立し、永遠のダルマを支え続けた。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse presents exemplary ascetic and forest-dwelling modes of life as legitimate expressions of dharma when they are aligned with Brahmā’s ordinance—i.e., with the cosmic and scriptural order—thereby emphasizing that true religious life is measured by conformity to dharma rather than by mere external austerity.
In Bhishma’s instruction during the Śānti Parva, he lists categories of sages and renunciants—those living on uncultivated produce, ‘haṃsa’ ascetics, fire-born seers, and vānaprasthas—describing them as steadfast followers of the eternal dharma under Brahmā’s command.