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Shloka 65

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

पुमांसमुन्नयेत्‌ प्राज्ञ: शयने तप्त आयसे । अप्यादधीत दारूणि तत्र दहोत पापकृत्‌

pumāṁsam unnayet prājñaḥ śayane tapte āyase | apy ādadhīta dārūṇi tatra dahot pāpakṛt ||

ビーシュマは言った。「賢明なる王は、罪を犯した男を灼熱の鉄の寝台に横たえ、その上に薪を積み、火を放って、その罪人をそこで焼き尽くすべきである。同じ趣旨において、夫を顧みず他の男と姦通する女もまた、同等の刑に値すると説かれる。さらに、贖罪(プラーヤシュチッタ)が定められている悪人については、一年のうちに贖罪を行わぬなら刑を倍加すべしと規定される。また、そのような堕落した男と二年、三年、四年、あるいは五年にわたり交わりを保った者は、牟尼のごとき誓戒を受け、同じ年数のあいだ地上を遍歴し、托鉢によって生を立てねばならない。」

पुमांसम्a man
पुमांसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उन्नयेत्should place/raise (put up)
उन्नयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (उद्+नी)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राज्ञःthe wise (one)
प्राज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शयनेon a bed
शयने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशयन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तप्तेheated, made hot
तप्ते:
TypeAdjective
Rootतप्त (√तप्)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
आयसेof iron / iron-made
आयसे:
TypeNoun
Rootआयस
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
आदधीतshould place/lay (upon)
आदधीत:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (आ+धा)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दारूणिpieces of wood, firewood
दारूणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदारु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
तत्रthere, in that place
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
दहेत्should burn
दहेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पापकृत्the evil-doer, sinner
पापकृत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपापकृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
W
wise king (rājā/prājñaḥ)
H
heated iron bed (taptam āyasam śayanam)
F
firewood (dārūṇi)
S
sinner/evil-doer (pāpakṛt)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames kingship as moral governance: grave sexual misconduct and persistent association with the fallen are treated as threats to social order, warranting severe punishment or, alternatively, timely expiation; delay in expiation increases culpability and penalty.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on rājadharma in the Śānti Parva, he describes a harsh judicial punishment for an offender, extends the principle to adulterous conduct, and then adds procedural rules about expiation—doubling punishment if expiation is not begun within a year—and austerities for those who have long associated with a fallen person.