Shloka 3
Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation
अन्यत्र दक्षिणादानं देयं भरतसत्तम । अन्येभ्योडपि बहिरवेदि चाकृतान्नं विधीयते
anyatra dakṣiṇādānaṃ deyaṃ bharatasattama | anyebhyo 'pi bahirvedi cākṛtānnaṃ vidhīyate ||
ビーシュマは言った。「バーラタ族の最勝者よ、定められた場合以外には、バラモンにはダクシナー（祭礼の謝礼）のみを与えるべきである。また他の者たちにも、祭壇の区域の外で未調理の食を施すべしと定められている。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma distinguishes appropriate forms of giving by context and recipient: in certain situations a Brahmin is to receive only dakṣiṇā (the ritual honorarium), while for other people the rule is to give uncooked food outside the altar area—emphasizing orderly, context-sensitive charity aligned with ritual propriety.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on norms of dāna connected with sacrifice, specifying where and how gifts should be distributed—especially the distinction between dakṣiṇā to Brahmins and food-gifts to others outside the vedi.