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Shloka 203

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

धनैर्वेश्यश्व शूद्रश्न मन्त्रैहोमि श्व वै द्विज: । अत: उसके प्रति अमड्लसूचक बात न कहे। रूखे वचन न बोले। क्षत्रिय अपने बाहुबलसे

dhanair vaiśyaś ca śūdraś ca mantrair homaiś ca vai dvijaḥ | ataḥ tasya prati amṛḍla-sūcakaṃ vākyam na brūyāt | rūkṣāṇi vacanāni na brūyāt | kṣatriyo bāhubalena vaiśya-śūdrāv dhanabalena brāhmaṇo mantra-homa-śaktyā svāṃ vipattiṃ tariṣyati ||

ビーシュマは言った。「ヴァイシャとシュードラは財の力によって逆境を越え、二度生まれ(ブラーフマナ)は真言と供犠(ホーマ)の力によってそれを越える。ゆえに他人の欠点をあげつらう言葉を口にしてはならず、荒い言葉を吐いてもならぬ。各ヴァルナにはそれぞれの正しい力がある。クシャトリヤは腕力により、ヴァイシャとシュードラは財力により、ブラーフマナは真言と供物の力により—それらによって人は自らの不運を渡り切るのである。」

धनैःby/with wealth
धनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
वैश्यःthe Vaiśya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःthe Śūdra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मन्त्रैःby/with mantras
मन्त्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
होमैःby/with oblations (homa rites)
होमैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहोम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
द्विजःthe twice-born (Brāhmaṇa)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
Kshatriya
V
Vaishya
S
Shudra
D
Dvija (twice-born/Brāhmaṇa)
B
Brahmana
M
Mantra
H
Homa (fire-offering)

Educational Q&A

One should avoid fault-finding and harsh speech, and recognize that different social orders have distinct legitimate means of overcoming adversity—arms for the Kṣatriya, wealth for the Vaiśya and Śūdra, and mantra and sacrifice for the Brāhmaṇa.

In the Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he gives a moral rule about restrained speech and a pragmatic observation about how each varṇa traditionally meets crises through its characteristic form of strength.