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Shloka 48

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

अहो पुत्रवियोगेन मृतशून्योपसेवनात्‌ । क्रोशतां सुभृशं दु:खं विवत्सानां गवामिव

aho putraviyogena mṛtaśūnyopasevanāt | krośatāṃ subhṛśaṃ duḥkhaṃ vivatsānāṃ gavām iva ||

ジャムブカは言った。「ああ、幼子と引き離され、死によって生あるものの絶えた空虚の地に身を寄せたがゆえに、彼らの悲しみは鋭く胸を裂く大きな慟哭となる——子牛を失った雌牛が苦しみに鳴き叫ぶように。」

अहोalas! / oh!
अहो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो
पुत्र-वियोगेनby separation from (one's) son
पुत्र-वियोगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रवियोग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मृत-शून्य-उपसेवनात्from resorting to a desolate (place) empty like death
मृत-शून्य-उपसेवनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमृतशून्योपसेवन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
क्रोशताम्of those crying/wailing
क्रोशताम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्रुश्
FormPresent, Participle (Shatru), Parasmaipada, Genitive, Plural, Masculine/Neuter (context-dependent)
सुभृशम्exceedingly, very much
सुभृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसुभृश
दुःखम्sorrow, pain
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विवत्सानाम्of those without calves (bereft of calves)
विवत्सानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-वत्स
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

जम्बुक उवाच

जम्बुक (Jambuka)
पुत्र (son/child)
गवः (cows)
वत्स (calf)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the natural intensity of grief caused by separation from one’s offspring and the desolation that follows death, inviting compassion and reflection on attachment and the human (and animal) experience of loss.

Jambuka is describing the sound and force of lamentation arising from bereavement, comparing mourners’ cries to cows wailing when separated from their calves, to convey the depth of sorrow in a vivid, relatable image.