Shloka 19

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

Devanagari script

देववंशान्‌ ब्रह्म॒वंशान्‌ पितृवंशांश्व शाश्वतान्‌ | संविभज्य गुरोश्चर्या तद्‌ वै दुष्करमुच्यते

Transliteration

arjuna uvāca | devavaṁśān brahmavaṁśān pitṛvaṁśāṁś ca śāśvatān | saṁvibhajya guroś caryā tad vai duṣkaram ucyate ||

Translation

アルジュナは言った。神々の系譜に供物の分を、ブラフマンの聖仙たちの系譜に学びの分を、そして永遠の祖霊に śrāddha の分を、それぞれ正しく捧げ——そのうえで師（グル）に仕えること。これこそまことに難行と呼ばれる。ここで詩は、真の宗教生活を均衡ある倫理として示す。神々への祭祀の務め、聖仙への学習と聖智の伝承、祖先への śrāddha による報恩、そしてグルへの謙虚な奉仕である。

Word by Word

• {'arjuna uvāca': 'Arjuna said', 'deva-vaṁśān': 'the divine lineages

• the gods as recipients of offerings', 'brahma-vaṁśān': 'the Brahman/seer lineages

• ṛṣis and the tradition of sacred learning', 'pitṛ-vaṁśān': 'the ancestral lineages

• the Pitṛs (forefathers)', 'śāśvatān': 'eternal, perennial', 'saṁvibhajya': 'having distributed/apportioned properly

• assigning due shares', 'guroḥ': 'of the guru/teacher', 'caryā': 'conduct, service, disciplined attendance

• personal attendance on the teacher', 'tad': 'that', 'vai': 'indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)', 'duṣkaram': 'hard to do, difficult', 'ucyate': 'is said/called'}

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• Devas (gods)
• Brahmarṣis/Ṛṣis (seer-sages)
• Pitṛs (ancestors)
• Guru (teacher)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is presented as a fourfold balance: offerings to the gods (yajña/homa), sacred study and preservation of the seer-tradition (svādhyāya), ancestral obligation through śrāddha, and humble service to the guru. Fulfilling all without neglect is called a ‘difficult vow’ because it demands sustained discipline and gratitude across all sources of support—divine, intellectual, familial, and pedagogical.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Arjuna speaks to highlight how demanding true religious and ethical life is: one must not merely perform isolated rites, but properly ‘apportion’ duties to each rightful recipient and then live in disciplined service to one’s teacher.