Shloka 18

Chapter 59: Baladeva’s Censure, Keśava’s Restraint, and Yudhiṣṭhira’s Moral Accounting

Devanagari script

हतबन्धुर्हतामात्यो भ्रष्टसैन्यो हतो मृथे । सर्वाकारेण शोच्यो5यं नावहास्यो5यमी श्वर:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | hatabandhur hatāmātyo bhraṣṭasainyo hato mṛdhe | sarvākāreṇa śocyo 'yaṃ nāvahāsyo 'yam īśvaraḥ ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「彼の一族は討たれ、重臣も殺され、軍勢は粉砕され、そして彼自身も戦場に倒れた。ゆえに、あらゆる点においてドゥルヨーダナ王は嘆き悼まれるべき者であって、嘲られるべき者ではない。」

Word by Word

• हतबन्धुः: one whose kinsmen are slain
• हतबन्धुः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हतबन्धु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हतामात्यः: one whose ministers are slain
• हतामात्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हतामात्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भ्रष्टसैन्यः: one whose army is ruined/dispersed
• भ्रष्टसैन्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्रष्टसैन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हतः: slain
• हतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मृथे: in battle
• मृथे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृध
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सर्वाकारेण: in every way / by all means
• सर्वाकारेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वाकार
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• शोच्यः: to be lamented / pitiable
• शोच्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोच्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अयम्: this (man)
• अयम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अवहास्यः: to be mocked / laughable
• अवहास्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवहास्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अयम्: this (man)
• अयम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ईश्वरः: king/lord
• ईश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even an enemy who has been utterly ruined by war—bereft of kin, counsel, and army—deserves human compassion and restraint; suffering should evoke mourning rather than ridicule.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes Duryodhana’s complete downfall in the war and advises that his condition warrants lamentation, not mockery, emphasizing the tragic cost of the conflict.