Shloka 10

Chapter 59: Baladeva’s Censure, Keśava’s Restraint, and Yudhiṣṭhira’s Moral Accounting

Devanagari script

रजस्वलां द्रौपदीमानयन्‌ ये ये चाप्यकुर्वन्त सदस्यवस्त्राम्‌ । तान्‌ पश्यध्वं पाण्डवैर्धार्तहराष्ट्रान्‌ रणे हतांस्तपसा याज्ञसेन्या:

Transliteration

rajasvalāṃ draupadīm ānayan ye ye cāpy akurvanta sadasya-vastrām | tān paśyadhvaṃ pāṇḍavair dhārtarāṣṭrān raṇe hatāṃs tapasā yājñasenyāḥ ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「見よ、あの持国王の子らを——月の穢れの時にドラウパディーを सभाへ引きずり出し、王の सभाのただ中で彼女の衣を剥ごうとした者どもを。パーンダヴァらは戦場で彼らを討ち倒した。ヤージュニャセニーの苦行の力と正義の決意が、彼らを滅びへと追いやったのだ。」

Word by Word

• रजस्वलाम्: a menstruating (woman)
• रजस्वलाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रजस्वला
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• द्रौपदीम्: Draupadi
• द्रौपदीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रौपदी
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• आनयन्: they brought / led (in)
• आनयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नी (आ-नी)
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ये: and who (those who)
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• अकुर्वन्त: they did / attempted
• अकुर्वन्त: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural

• सदसि: in the assembly
• सदसि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदस्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• वस्त्राम्: disrobing / stripping of clothes (lit. cloth)
• वस्त्राम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस्त्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तान्: those (men)
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पश्यध्वम्: see! behold!
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Imperative (Lot), 2nd, Plural, Atmanepada

• पाण्डवैः: by the Pandavas
• पाण्डवैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• धार्तराष्ट्रान्: the sons of Dhritarashtra
• धार्तराष्ट्रान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• हतान्: slain
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन् (हत)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तपसा: by austerity / by penance
• तपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• याज्ञसेन्याः: of Yajnaseni (Draupadi)
• Type: Noun
• Root: याज्ञसेनी
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Draupadi (Yajnaseni)
• Pandavas
• Dhritarashtra’s sons (Kauravas)
• royal assembly (sabha)
• battlefield (rana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Public humiliation and adharma committed in the assembly ripen into catastrophic consequences. The verse frames the Kauravas’ downfall as not only military defeat by the Pandavas but also as the moral-spiritual repercussion of violating Draupadi’s dignity, with her tapas (righteous suffering and resolve) functioning as an ethical force.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya points out to Dhritarashtra that the very men who dragged Draupadi and attempted to disrobe her in the court are now lying slain in the war. He connects their deaths to the Pandavas’ victory and to Draupadi (Yajnaseni)’s tapas, emphasizing the reversal of fortune from courtroom outrage to battlefield retribution.