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Shloka 15

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

ततो<5परान्‌ पञ्चशतान्‌ महात्मा नाराचमुख्यान्‌ विससर्ज कुम्भे । स तैस्तु विद्ध: परमद्विपो रणे तदा परावृत्य भृशं प्रदुद्रवे,तत्पश्चात्‌ महामना धृष्टद्युम्नने उसके कुम्भस्थलको लक्ष्य करके पाँच सौ उत्तम नाराच और छोड़े। उनके द्वारा अत्यन्त घायल हुआ वह महान्‌ गजराज युद्धसे मुँह मोड़कर वेगपूर्वक भागने लगा

tato ’parān pañcaśatān mahātmā nārācamukhyān visasarga kumbhe | sa tais tu viddhaḥ paramadvipo raṇe tadā parāvṛtya bhṛśaṃ pradudrave ||

サञ्जयは語った。ついでその大心の武者は、象の額の隆起を狙って、選りすぐりのナーラーチャの矢をさらに五百本放った。それらに射抜かれ、戦場のただ中で深手を負った大いなる象王は、戦いに背を向け、烈しい速さで逃走した。この場面は、戦においては最も強大な力でさえ執拗な貫通の前に崩れ、暴力は—戦術としては有効であっても—真の勝利ではなく、恐怖と逃亡を生むことを示している。

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अपरान्other, additional
अपरान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पञ्चशतान्five hundred
पञ्चशतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चशत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
महात्माthe great-souled one
महात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नाराचमुख्यान्chiefly (i.e., including) narāca-arrows
नाराचमुख्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनाराचमुख्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विससर्जreleased, discharged
विससर्ज:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कुम्भेon the temple (of the elephant)
कुम्भे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुम्भ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सःhe, that one
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तैःby those (arrows)
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विद्धःpierced, wounded
विद्धः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमद्विपःthe best of elephants
परमद्विपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरमद्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
परावृत्यhaving turned away
परावृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरावृत्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Active
भृशम्greatly, exceedingly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
प्रदुद्रवेran forth, fled
प्रदुद्रवे:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
N
nārāca (arrows)
K
kumbha (elephant’s frontal globe/temple)
P
paramadvipa (mighty elephant/elephant-lord)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring Mahābhārata insight: physical might and pride are fragile under sustained harm, and violence often produces fear-driven retreat rather than any moral resolution. It also reflects the harsh kṣatriya battlefield ethic—skillful targeting and overwhelming force decide outcomes, even against majestic creatures.

Sañjaya describes Dhṛṣṭadyumna releasing five hundred superior nārāca arrows aimed at the elephant’s kumbha (frontal globe). The elephant, badly wounded, turns away from the battle and flees rapidly.