Shloka 83

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

Devanagari script

पाण्डवान्‌ सरथान्‌ दृष्टवा धृष्टद्ुम्नं च पार्षतम्‌

Transliteration

pāṇḍavān sarathān dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ ca pārṣatam

Translation

サञ्जयは言った。戦車に乗るパーンダヴァたち、そしてパールシャタ（ドルパダ）の子ドリシュタデュムナを目にすると、場面はただちに戦の切迫した道義的圧力へと転じる――敵方の将たちを見定め、その戦備の整いを知るとき、義務（ダルマ）と策は、避けがたい殺戮のただ中で衝突するのである。

Word by Word

• पाण्डवान्: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सरथान्: with chariots (chariot-borne)
• सरथान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सरथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite

• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पार्षतम्: the son of Prishata (Dhrishtadyumna) / Prishata's descendant
• पार्षतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्षत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• पाण्डव (Pāṇḍavas)
• धृष्टद्युम्न (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
• पार्षत/द्रुपद (Pārṣata/Drupada)
• रथ (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical weight of recognition in war: seeing the opposing side’s principal warriors (the Pāṇḍavas and their commander Dhṛṣṭadyumna) forces a confrontation with kṣatriya-dharma—duty, resolve, and accountability for violence undertaken in the name of justice and allegiance.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a battlefield moment: the Pāṇḍava warriors are seen in their chariots, along with Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Drupada’s son), indicating their organized readiness and leadership presence as the conflict in the Śalya Parva intensifies.