Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 4

Adhyāya 14: Śalya’s Missile-Pressure and the Pāṇḍava Convergence (शल्यस्य शरवर्षम्)

Devanagari script

अर्जुन रथवंशेन द्रोणपुत्रपुरोगमा:

Transliteration

arjuna rathavaṁśena droṇaputrapurogamāḥ

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「アルジュナの車列は前進し、その先頭にはドローナの子が立っていた。これは、戦の勢いが先陣の勇将とその従者たちによって押し進められ、武勇と指揮権がその日の殺戮の展開と道義的な賭けを形づくっていたことを告げる。」

Word by Word

• अर्जुन: Arjuna
• अर्जुन: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रथवंशेन: by/with the line (succession) of chariots
• रथवंशेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथवंश
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• द्रोणपुत्रपुरोगमाः: having Drona's son (Ashvatthaman) in front; led by Drona's son
• द्रोणपुत्रपुरोगमाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरोगम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• Aśvatthāman (Droṇa’s son)
• chariot-line/formation (rathavaṁśa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how warfare is shaped by organized formations and decisive leadership; ethically, it points to the weight of responsibility borne by commanders and foremost warriors whose choices intensify or restrain destruction.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a battlefield movement: a chariot-column associated with Arjuna is described, and Droṇa’s son Aśvatthāman is noted as being at the front, indicating the advance or prominence of that leading fighter within the action.