Shloka 3

Devanagari script

इदं चैवावबोद्धव्यं वृद्धस्य मम शासनम्‌ । मया निगदितं सर्व पथ्यं नि:श्रेयसं परम्‌

Transliteration

idaṃ caivāvaboddhavyaṃ vṛddhasya mama śāsanam | mayā nigaditaṃ sarvaṃ pathyaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ param ||

Translation

「これもまた明らかに心得よ。これは老いたる我が戒めである。わが述べたすべては、汝の益となり、至上の善へ導くための正しき勧めである。」

Word by Word

• idam: this
• idam: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: idam
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca

• eva: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva

• avaboddhavyam: should be understood
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava√budh
• Form: Gerundive (tavya), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive obligation

• vṛddhasya: of the old (man)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vṛddha
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• mama: of me/my
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: asmad
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• śāsanam: command/instruction
• śāsanam: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: śāsana
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: asmad
• Form: Instrumental, Singular

• nigaditam: said/uttered
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni√gad
• Form: Past passive participle (kta), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• sarvam: all/entire
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• pathyam: wholesome/beneficial
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pathya
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• niḥśreyasam: highest good/supreme welfare
• Type: Noun
• Root: niḥśreyasa
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• param: supreme/highest
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

An elder’s instruction should be received with clarity and seriousness, because it is offered as ‘pathya’—beneficial guidance—aimed not merely at immediate advantage but at niḥśreyasa, the highest and lasting good.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yudhiṣṭhira, speaking in an authoritative yet elder-like tone, emphasizes that his directive must be properly understood and that everything he has said is meant for the listener’s welfare and ultimate benefit.