Shloka 8
Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Saṃjaya Saṃvāda: Anuśocana, Nimittāni, and Vidura’s Warning
Devanagari script
अजुन उवाच न चैवोक्ता न चानुक्ता हीनतः परुषा गिर: | भारत प्रतिजल्पन्ति सदा तूत्तमपूरुषा:
Transliteration
arjuna uvāca na caivoktā na cānuktā hīnataḥ paruṣā giraḥ | bhārata pratijalpanti sadā tūttama-pūruṣāḥ ||
Translation
アルジュナは言った。「おおバーラタよ、卑しき者が荒い言葉を吐こうと吐くまいと、真に高貴な者は些末な言い返しに身を落とさぬ。最上の人は苦さをもって苦さに報いない。」
Word by Word
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
उक्ताspoken (said)
उक्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formkta (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अनुक्ताunspoken (not said)
अनुक्ता:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formkta (past passive participle) with neg. prefix an-, Feminine, Nominative, Singular
हीनतःfrom an inferior (person)/by an inferior
हीनतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहीन
Formtasil-avyaya (ablatival adverb)
परुषाःharsh
परुषाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरुष
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
गिरःwords/speech
गिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगिर्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रतिजल्पन्तिretort/answer back
प्रतिजल्पन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजल्प्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, प्रति-
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
उत्तमपुरुषाःexcellent men/noble persons
उत्तमपुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तमपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
अजुन उवाच
Characters & Entities
A
ArjunaB
BhārataCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Arjuna upholds restraint in speech: a noble person does not descend to exchanging harsh words with someone base; dignity is preserved through forbearance and self-control.
In the tense Sabha setting, Arjuna addresses a Kuru elder as “Bhārata” and counsels against responding to low, bitter talk with counter-insults, emphasizing the conduct expected of the noble amid provocation.