Shloka 8

Adhyāya 45 — Duryodhana’s Distress, Śakuni’s Counsel, and the Summons for Dyūta

Devanagari script

क्रीडतो भोजराजस्य एष रैवतके गिरौ | हत्वा बद्ध्वा च तान्‌ सर्वानुपायात्‌ स्वपुरं पुरा

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: krīḍato bhojarājasya eṣa raivatake girau | hatvā baddhvā ca tān sarvān upāyāt svapuraṃ purā ||

Translation

ヴァイシャンパーヤナは語った。「ボージャ王（Bhoja）がライヴァタカ山（Raivataka）で遊興していた折、この者がそこへ現れ、従者の一部を殺し、残りを縛り上げ、皆を自らの都へ連れ去った。」

Word by Word

• क्रीडतः: while (he) was playing
• क्रीडतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रीड्
• Form: शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• भोजराजस्य: of the Bhoja-king
• भोजराजस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोजराज
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• एषः: this (man)
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रैवतके: on Raivataka
• रैवतके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रैवतक
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• गिरौ: on the mountain
• गिरौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिरि
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• हत्वा: having killed
• हत्वा: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: क्त्वा (अव्ययभाव/तुमुन्-समकक्ष) अव्यय, absolutive (having done)

• बद्ध्वा: having bound/captured
• बद्ध्वा: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: बन्ध्
• Form: क्त्वा अव्यय, absolutive (having done)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तान्: those (men)
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• उपायात्: by a stratagem / by means
• उपायात्: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपाय
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• स्वपुरम्: to his own city
• स्वपुरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वपुर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पुरा: formerly / once
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Bhojarāja (Ugrasena)
• Raivataka-giri (Mount Raivataka)
• sevaka (attendants/servants)
• svapura (his own city)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights adharma in political action: using killing and captivity to assert control violates the ethical duties that protect rulers, their attendants, and social order.

What is happening in the narrative?

While the Bhoja king is enjoying himself on Mount Raivataka, an aggressor arrives, kills some attendants, captures the rest, and takes them all to his own city.