Shloka 4

Devanagari script

तमभ्यधावतन्निहते कुमारे कैकेयसेनापतिरुग्रकर्मा । शरैरविधुन्वन्‌ भृशमुग्रवेगै: कर्णात्मजं चाप्यहनत्‌ प्रसेनम्‌

Transliteration

tam abhyadhāvat tan-nihate kumāre kaikeyasenāpatir ugrakarmā | śarair vidhunvan bhṛśam ugravegaiḥ karṇātmajaṃ cāpy ahanat prasenaṃ ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。その王子が討たれるや、カイケーヤ軍の将ウグラカルマン、苛烈なる働きの者が突進した。弓をうなりと回し、恐るべき速さの矢を放って、カルナの子プラセーナをも戦のただ中で射当て、傷を負わせた。

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अभ्यधावत्: ran towards / charged
• अभ्यधावत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: धाव्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तत्: that one / him
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• निहते: when (he was) slain / upon being slain
• निहते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-हन्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• कुमारे: in/when the prince
• कुमारे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमार
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• कैकेयसेनापतिः: the commander of the Kaikeyas
• कैकेयसेनापतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैकेय-सेनापति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उग्रकर्मा: one of fierce deeds
• उग्रकर्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उग्रकर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अविधुन्वन्: shaking / brandishing
• अविधुन्वन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-धुन्
• Form: Present, Singular, Parasmaipada, Present active participle (masc. nom. sg.)

• भृशम्: violently / greatly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम्

• उग्रवेगैः: with fierce speed (ones)
• उग्रवेगैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्रवेग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• कर्णात्मजम्: Karna's son
• कर्णात्मजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण-आत्मज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• अहनत्: struck / wounded
• अहनत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• प्रसेनम्: Prasena
• प्रसेनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रसेन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Ugrakarman
• Kekaya (people/kingdom)
• Prasena
• Karṇa
• arrows (śara)
• bow (implied by vidhunvan)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the war-ethic of immediate reprisal: the fall of a warrior triggers swift counteraction, showing how battlefield dharma (kṣatriya conduct) can intensify conflict and multiply suffering through chains of retaliation.

What is happening in the narrative?

After a prince has been struck down, the Kekaya commander Ugrakarman charges forward and, using fast and fierce arrows, strikes and wounds Prasena, who is identified as Karṇa’s son.