Shloka 74

Devanagari script

पराड्मुखं तु राजानं दृष्टवा सैन्यानि भारत । विप्रजग्मु: समुत्सृज्य द्वैरथानि समन्ततः,भारत! राजा दुर्योधनको युद्धसे विमुख हुआ देख सारी सेनाएँ सब ओरसे द्वैरथ-युद्ध छोड़कर भाग चलीं

Transliteration

parāṅmukhaṃ tu rājānaṃ dṛṣṭvā sainyāni bhārata | viprajagmuḥ samutsṛjya dvairathāni samantataḥ ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。バーラタよ、王が戦いから背を向けたのを見て、軍勢は四方で戦車同士の戦いを捨て、隊列を崩して逃げ散った。

Word by Word

• पराङ्मुखम्: turned away; facing away (from battle)
• पराङ्मुखम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराङ्मुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तु: but
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• राजानम्: the king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• सैन्यानि: the armies; troops
• सैन्यानि: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• भारत: O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• विप्रजग्मुः: they fled; they went away
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-प्र-गम्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• समुत्सृज्य: having abandoned; having cast off
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उत्-सृज्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• द्वैरथानि: chariot-duels; chariot-fights
• द्वैरथानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वैरथ
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• समन्ततः: on all sides; everywhere
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
• the king (Duryodhana)
• the troops/armies
• chariots (as the context of dvairatha combat)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical and practical weight of leadership in war: when the ruler loses resolve or appears to retreat, the collective discipline of the army collapses. Courage and order in a dharmic battle depend not only on individual valor but also on the visible steadiness of the leader.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the Kaurava troops see their king (Duryodhana) turned away from the fight. Interpreting this as withdrawal or loss of heart, they abandon the ongoing chariot-to-chariot engagements on all sides and flee, signaling a sudden breakdown of the battle formation.