Shloka 123

Devanagari script

तमद्य निशितैर्बाणैविनिहत्य नरर्षभ । यथाप्रतिज्ञं पार्थ त्वं कृत्वा कीर्तिमवाप्रुहि

Transliteration

tam adya niśitair bāṇair vinihatya nararṣabha | yathā-pratijñaṃ pārtha tvaṃ kṛtvā kīrtim avāpruhi ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「人中の雄牛よ、今日こそ鋭き矢で彼を討ち倒せ。パールタよ、誓いのとおりにその誓願を果たし、永く残る名声を得よ。」

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• निशितैः: with sharp
• निशितैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निशित
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• बाणैः: arrows
• बाणैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• विनिहत्य: having slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-हन्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• नरर्षभ: O bull among men
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: नरर्षभ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• यथा: as, according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• प्रतिज्ञम्: the vow/promise (as promised)
• Type: Noun (used adverbially)
• Root: प्रतिज्ञा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• पार्थ: O Partha (Arjuna)
• Type: Noun (proper name/epithet)
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कृत्वा: having done/made
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)

• कीर्तिम्: fame, glory
• कीर्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कीर्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• अवाप्नुहि: attain, obtain
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-आप्
• Form: लोट् (imperative), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pārtha (Arjuna)
• tam (the unnamed opponent referred to as 'him')
• bāṇa (arrows)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes kṣatriya resolve and the ethical weight of a pratijñā (vow): one should act decisively in accordance with one’s pledged word, for integrity in action is a source of rightful kīrti (honor and renown).

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya urges Pārtha (Arjuna) to kill the indicated enemy that very day with sharp arrows, explicitly linking the act to the fulfillment of Arjuna’s prior vow and the attainment of fame through keeping that promise in the battlefield context.