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Shloka 30

Karṇa’s advance against the Pāṇḍava host; Arjuna’s clash with the Saṃśaptakas (कर्णस्य पाण्डवसेनाप्रवेशः—अर्जुनस्य संशप्तकसंप्रहारः)

येन रूपेण दैत्यस्तु येन वेषेण चैव ह

yena rūpeṇa daityas tu yena veṣeṇa caiva ha, tapa ugraṃ samāsthāya niyame parame sthitāḥ |

ドゥルヨーダナは言った。「ダイティヤ族がかつていかなる姿、いかなる装いで立っていたとしても—そう聞いている—神々が彼らを打ち破ると、ターラカースラの三子、すなわちターラカークシャ、カマラークシャ、ヴィドゥユンマーリーは、苛烈な苦行(タパス)に身を寄せ、最高の自制の戒律に堅く立った。」

येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
रूपेणby (that) form
रूपेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
दैत्यःthe Daitya (demon)
दैत्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदैत्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वेषेणby (that) guise/disguise
वेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
indeed (particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तपःausterity/penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce/intense
उग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समास्थायhaving undertaken/resorted to
समास्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-स्था (स्था)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
नियमेin (a) vow/observance
नियमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परमेsupreme/excellent
परमे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थिताःstood/abided; remained
स्थिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
D
Daityas
D
Devas
T
Tārakāsura
T
Tārakākṣa
K
Kamalākṣa
V
Vidyunmālī

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights tapas and niyama as potent means of regaining strength and status after defeat. Ethically, it shows how disciplined practice can be directed toward different ends—self-mastery can serve either righteous aims or ambitious, even destructive, ambitions depending on intention.

Duryodhana recalls a traditional account: after the gods defeated the Daityas, Tārakāsura’s three sons—Tārakākṣa, Kamalākṣa, and Vidyunmālī—undertook intense austerities and strict observances, implying a strategic turn to ascetic power following military loss.