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Shloka 1

दुःशासननिग्रहः—द्रोणधृष्टद्युम्नयुद्धप्रसङ्गः

Rebuke of Duḥśāsana; Context of the Droṇa–Dhṛṣṭadyumna Combat

पम्प छा अर: षण्णवतितमो< ध्याय: दोनों पक्षोंके प्रधान वीरोंका दन्द्ध-युद्ध संजय उवाच राजन संग्राममाश्चर्य श्रुणु कीर्तयतो मम । कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च यथा युद्धमवर्तत,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! कौरवों और पाण्डवोंमें जिस प्रकार युद्ध हुआ था, उस आश्चर्यमय संग्रामका मैं वर्णन करता हूँ, ध्यान देकर सुनिये--

sañjaya uvāca | rājan saṅgrāmam āścaryaṃ śṛṇu kīrtayato mama | kurūṇāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ ca yathā yuddham avartata ||

サンジャヤは言った。「大王よ、心してお聞きください。わたしはこの驚くべき合戦—クル族とパーンダヴァ族の戦がいかに展開したか—を語り申します。この物語における驚異とは、ただの見世物ではありません。両軍の第一の勇士たちが決戦に相まみえるとき、人の決意、法(ダルマ)としての務め、そして破滅が、重々しく露わになるのです。」

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संग्रामम्battle
संग्रामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्चर्यम्wonderful, astonishing
आश्चर्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआश्चर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शृणुhear
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
कीर्तयतःof (me) describing/narrating
कीर्तयतः:
TypeVerb
Rootकीर्तय्
FormPresent active participle (Shatṛ), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
ममof me, my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus (Kauravas)
कुरूणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यथाhow, in what manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
युद्धम्the fighting, the war
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अवर्ततwent on, took place
अवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Singular, Atmanepada

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'rājan')
K
Kurus (Kauravas)
P
Pandavas

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the war as an 'āścarya'—a wondrous yet sobering event—inviting the listener to contemplate not only martial prowess but also the ethical weight of conflict: how duty, ambition, and attachment drive nations into ruin, and how a king must face the truth of consequences.

Sanjaya begins a new section by addressing the king and announcing that he will describe how the fighting unfolded between the Kauravas and the Pandavas—setting the stage for accounts of major heroes and their direct combats.