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Shloka 39

द्रोण–सात्यकि-युद्धम्

Droṇa–Sātyaki Engagement

मावेल्लका ललित्थाक्ष केकया मद्रकास्तथा । नारायणाक्ष्‌ गोपाला: काम्बोजानां च ये गणा:,इनके पीछे दस हजार रथी, अभीषाह, शूरसेन, शिबि, वसाति, मावेल्लक, ललित्थ, केकय, मद्रक, नारायण नामक गोपालगण तथा काम्बोजदेशीय सैनिकगण भी थे। इन सबको पूर्वकालमें कर्णने रणभूमिमें जीतकर अपने अधीन कर लिया था। ये सब-के-सब शूरवीरोंद्वारा सम्मानित योद्धा थे और प्रसन्नचित्त हो द्रोणाचार्यको आगे करके अर्जुनपर चढ़ आये थे

sañjaya uvāca |

māvellakā lalitthākṣāḥ kekayā madrakās tathā |

nārāyaṇākṣ gopālāḥ kāmbojānāṃ ca ye gaṇāḥ ||

サンジャヤは言った。「また、マーヴェッラカ族、ラリットハークシャ族、ケーカヤ族、マドラカ族があり、さらに『ナーラーヤナークシャ』と呼ばれる牛飼いの一団、そしてカーンボージャの諸隊もいた。」これら名指しの諸族・諸軍は、かつてカルナに屈服させられ、その勢力のもとに組み込まれた者たちである。今や彼らは規律ある隊列で進み、武名を世に認められ、ドローナの指揮の下、アルジュナへの突撃に目的を定めた。

मावेल्लकाःthe Māvellakas (a people/tribe)
मावेल्लकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमावेल्लक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ललित्थाक्षाःthe Lalitthākṣas (a people/tribe)
ललित्थाक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootललित्थाक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केकयाःthe Kekayas
केकयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेकय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मद्रकाःthe Madrakas
मद्रकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नारायणाक्षाःthe Nārāyaṇākṣas (a people/tribe)
नारायणाक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायणाक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गोपालाःcowherds; gopāla-groups
गोपालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
काम्बोजानाम्of the Kāmbojas
काम्बोजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम्बोज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho/which
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गणाःgroups; troops
गणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
Māvellakas
L
Lalitthākṣas
K
Kekayas
M
Madrakas
N
Nārāyaṇākṣa gopālas
K
Kāmbojas
D
Droṇa (contextual, from the supplied passage)
A
Arjuna (contextual, from the supplied passage)
K
Karṇa (contextual, from the supplied passage)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how diverse communities become instruments of a larger conflict through conquest, allegiance, and reputation. Ethically, it points to the tension between loyalty to commanders and the collective consequences of war, where valor and social honor can be mobilized to sustain destructive campaigns.

Sañjaya enumerates additional allied contingents—Māvellakas, Lalitthākṣas, Kekayas, Madrakas, Nārāyaṇākṣa cowherd-bands, and Kāmboja companies—who are part of the force advancing in the battle context described (with Droṇa at the fore and Arjuna as the target in the supplied prose).