Shloka 53

Devanagari script

ततः स सात्यकी राजन्‌ सवनिव महारथान्‌ | विरथान्‌ विमुखांश्वैव क्षणेनैवाकरोन्नूप,राजन्‌! तब सात्यकिने भी उन सभी महारथियोंको क्षणभरमें रथहीन एवं युद्धसे विमुख कर दिया

Transliteration

tataḥ sa sātyaki rājann sa-vanīva mahārathān | virathān vimukhāṁś caiva kṣaṇenaivākarod nṛpa ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。ついでサーティヤキは、王よ、ただ一瞬にしてその大車戦士たちを、伐り倒された森のようにした—戦車を奪い、戦意を挫いて戦場から背かせたのである。この光景は、武の力が驕りと勢いをたちまち崩し得ること、そして運命とダルマ（義務）の大きな流れの中で武名がいかに脆いかを示していた。

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सात्यकी: Sātyaki
• सात्यकी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• स: those (them)
• स: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अवनिप: O lord of the earth (king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवनिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• महारथान्: great chariot-warriors
• महारथान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विरथान्: chariotless
• विरथान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विमुखान्: turned away, made to retreat
• विमुखान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विमुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• क्षणेन: in a moment; by (a) moment
• क्षणेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षण
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• एव: just, only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• अकरोत्: made, rendered, did
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• नृप: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Sātyaki
• King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• mahāratha (great chariot-warriors)
• ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the mightiest warriors can be undone in an instant; martial success is unstable, so a kṣatriya’s duty must be guided by dharma rather than pride in power.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Sātyaki rapidly overwhelms a group of elite chariot-warriors, disabling their chariots and forcing them to turn back from combat.