Shloka 4

Devanagari script

ततो वेगेन महता विनद्य स नरर्षभ: । प्रतिज्ञां आ्रावयामास पुनरेव तवात्मजम्‌,नरश्रेष्ठ अश्वत्थामाने फिर बड़े वेगसे गर्जना करके आपके पुत्रको पुनः अपनी प्रतिज्ञा सुनायी

Transliteration

tato vegeṇa mahatā vinadya sa nararṣabhaḥ | pratijñāṃ śrāvayāmāsa punar eva tavātmajam ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。すると人中の雄牛たる彼は、激しい勢いで吼え立てながら突進し、汝の子に自らの誓願を再び聞かせた。

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• वेगेन: with speed/impetus
• वेगेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• महतā: great, mighty
• महतā: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• विनद्य: having roared/cried aloud
• विनद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नद्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नरर्षभः: bull among men, best of men
• नरर्षभः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरर्षभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रतिज्ञाम्: vow, promise
• प्रतिज्ञाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतिज्ञा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• श्रावयामास: caused to be heard, proclaimed
• श्रावयामास: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (कारणि: श्रावय-)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्) (periphrastic usage), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• तव: your
• तव: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• आत्मजम्: son
• आत्मजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra (implied by 'your')
• Dhritarashtra's son (Duryodhana implied by context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A warrior’s public vow (pratijñā) functions as a binding moral commitment: it strengthens resolve and accountability, yet it can also intensify conflict when pride and vengeance drive the pledge.

What is happening in the narrative?

Amid the battle, a leading warrior roars and forcefully reiterates his vow to Dhritarashtra’s son, reaffirming intent and rallying determination in a tense moment of the war.