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Shloka 42

सर्वे वयं परित्रातुं न शक्ष्यामोड्द्य पार्षतम्‌ | सौहार्द सर्वभूतेषु यः करोत्यतिमानुष: । सोड्द्य केशग्रहं श्रुत्वा पितुर्थक्ष्यति नो रणे,आज हम सब लोग मिलकर भी धृष्टद्युम्नको नहीं बचा सकेंगे। जो अभश्वत्थामा अतिमानव (अलौकिक पुरुष) है और समस्त प्राणियोंके प्रति मैत्रीका भाव रखता है, वही आज अपने पिताके केश पकड़े जानेकी बात सुनकर समरांगणमें हम सब लोगोंको जलाकर भस्म कर देगा

arjuna uvāca |

sarve vayaṁ paritrātuṁ na śakṣyāmo ’dya pārṣatam |

sauhārdaṁ sarvabhūteṣu yaḥ karoty atimānuṣaḥ |

so ’dya keśagrahaṁ śrutvā pituḥ takṣyati no raṇe ||

アルジュナは言った。「たとえ我らが皆で力を合わせても、今日ドリシュタデュムナを救うことはできぬ。アシュヴァッターマは、並外れ、ほとんど超人的な戦士であり、ふだんは万物への友愛で知られるが、父の髪を掴まれたと聞けば、戦場で怒り狂い、我らを滅ぼすであろう。」

सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परित्रातुम्to protect, to save
परित्रातुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+त्रा
FormTumun (infinitive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for infinitive)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शक्ष्यामःwe shall be able
शक्ष्यामः:
TypeVerb
Rootशक्
FormLṛṭ (simple future), 1st, Plural, Parasmaipada
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
पार्षतम्the son of Pṛṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
पार्षतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्षत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सौहार्दम्friendliness, goodwill
सौहार्दम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौहार्द
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वभूतेषुtowards/in all beings
सर्वभूतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
करोतिdoes, makes
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormLaṭ (present), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अतिमानुषःsuperhuman
अतिमानुषः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिमानुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
केशग्रहम्seizing of the hair
केशग्रहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेशग्रह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormKtva (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for absolutive)
पितुःof (his) father
पितुः:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दक्ष्यतिwill burn
दक्ष्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदह्
FormLṛṭ (simple future), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नःus
नः:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Plural, 1st
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
A
Aśvatthāmā
D
Droṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how acts of humiliation—especially against revered elders—can ignite disproportionate violence in war. It also underscores the ethical tension of battlefield conduct: even a person inclined to goodwill may become destructive when provoked by dishonor to family and teacher.

Arjuna foresees that Dhṛṣṭadyumna cannot be protected because Aśvatthāmā, upon hearing of an affront to his father Droṇa (the seizing of his hair), will unleash devastating retaliation in the battle.