Shloka 33

Devanagari script

तत्र नागा हया योधा रथिनो5थ पदातय:

Transliteration

tatra nāgā hayā yodhā rathino 'tha padātayaḥ

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。そこには象も馬も戦士も—戦車兵も歩兵も—入り交じっていた。あらゆる兵種が同じ危難と義務へと引きずり込まれる、無差別な戦場の圧迫を示していた。

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable adverb of place)

• नागाः: elephants
• नागाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• हयाः: horses
• हयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• योधाः: warriors
• योधाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: योध
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• रथिनः: chariot-warriors
• रथिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथिन्
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• अथ: and/then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable particle)

• पदातयः: foot-soldiers
• पदातयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पदाति
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• war-elephants
• horses
• chariot-warriors
• infantry

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the comprehensive nature of warfare: all classes of fighters and mounts are swept into the same conflict, reminding the listener that in war the consequences and responsibilities extend across the entire host, not only the famed heroes.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is describing the scene on the battlefield, listing the principal components of the armies—elephants, horses, chariot-fighters, and infantry—conveying the density and intensity of the ongoing engagement.