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Shloka 10

द्रोणनिन्दाश्रवणं तथा सात्यकि–पार्षतविवादः

Hearing the reproach of Droṇa and the Sātyaki–Pārṣata dispute

ससम्भ्रमं ततस्तूर्णमवप्लुत्य रथोत्तमात्‌ । सहदेवो महाराज दृष्ट्वा कर्ण व्यवस्थितम्‌,रथचक्रं प्रगृह्माजी मुमोचाधिरथिं प्रति । महाराज! तब सहदेव अपने उस उत्तम रथसे शीघ्र ही वेगपूर्वक कूद पड़े और युद्धस्थलमें अधिरथपुत्र कर्णको सामने खड़ा देख रथका एक चक्‍का लेकर उसके ऊपर चला दिया

sa-sambhramaṃ tatas tūrṇam avaplutya rathottamāt | sahadevo mahārāja dṛṣṭvā karṇaṃ vyavasthitam, rathacakraṃ pragṛhya ājī mumocādhirathiṃ prati |

サञ्जयは語った。ついで不意の焦燥に駆られ、サハデーヴァは自らの優れた戦車から素早く跳び降りた。大王よ、戦場にあってアディラタの子カルナが揺るぎなく立つのを見るや、戦車の車輪を掴み取り、彼に投げつけた。この瞬間は、戦の苛烈な即興を示す。定まった武器に代わって決意と迅速な行動が前に出、増しゆく暴力の中で個の武勇が試されるのである。

he
:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्भ्रमम्haste, agitation
सम्भ्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसम्भ्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तूर्णम्quickly
तूर्णम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
अवप्लुत्यhaving leapt down
अवप्लुत्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootअव√प्लु (प्लवते)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
रथोत्तमात्from the excellent chariot
रथोत्तमात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरथोत्तम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
सहदेवःSahadeva
सहदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (पश्यति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Non-finite
कर्णम्Karna
कर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यवस्थितम्standing ready/arrayed
व्यवस्थितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-अव-√स्था (तिष्ठति) → व्यवस्थित
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
रथचक्रम्a chariot-wheel
रथचक्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथचक्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रगृह्यhaving seized/taken up
प्रगृह्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√ग्रह् (गृह्णाति)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Non-finite
मुमोचreleased, hurled
मुमोच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√मुच् (मुञ्चति)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अधिरथिम्the charioteer/Adhirathi (Karna)
अधिरथिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअधिरथि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिtowards, against
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sahadeva
K
Karṇa
A
Adhiratha
R
ratha (chariot)
R
rathacakra (chariot-wheel)
Ā
ājau (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the battlefield ethic of decisive action under pressure: when conventional means are insufficient, a warrior’s presence of mind and resolve become the weapon. It also reflects the harsh reality of kṣatriya-dharma in war—valor expressed through immediate, forceful response, even with improvised arms.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Sahadeva, seeing Karṇa standing ready in the fight, jumps down from his chariot, grabs a chariot-wheel, and throws it at Karṇa (called ‘Adhiratha’s son’).