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Shloka 45

अमोघशक्तिव्यंसनप्रश्नः — Why Karṇa’s Śakti Was Not Used on Arjuna

ततः सुतास्ते वरुणात्मजोपमा रुषान्विता: सह गुरुणा महात्मना । वृकोदरं सरथपदातिकुणञ्जरा युयुत्सवो भूशमभिपर्यवारयन्‌,इसके बाद वरुणपुत्रके समान पराक्रमी आपके सभी पुत्र रोषमें भरकर युद्धकी इच्छासे रथ, पैदल और हाथियोंकी सेना साथ ले महात्मा गुरु द्रोणाचार्यके साथ आये और वेगपूर्वक भीमसेनको सब ओरसे घेरकर खड़े हो गये

tataḥ sutās te varuṇātmajopamā ruṣānvitāḥ saha guruṇā mahātmanā | vṛkodaraṁ sa-ratha-padāti-kuñjarā yuyutsavo bhūśam abhiparyavārayan ||

サンジャヤは言った。「そのとき、汝の子らは—ヴァルナの子にも比すべき勇猛さをもって—怒りに満ち、戦いを望み、偉大なる師ドローナとともに、戦車・歩兵・戦象を率いて進み出た。そして疾風の勢いで、ビーマセーナを四方から取り囲んだ。」

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya
सुताःsons
सुताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose/your (those) (they)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वरुण-आत्मज-उपमाःcomparable to Varuṇa's son
वरुण-आत्मज-उपमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवरुणात्मजोपम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रुषा-अन्विताःfilled with anger
रुषा-अन्विताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरुषान्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
FormAvyaya
गुरुणाwith the teacher
गुरुणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
महात्मनाwith the great-souled one
महात्मना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वृकोदरम्Vṛkodara (Bhīma)
वृकोदरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृकोदर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स-रथ-पदाति-कुञ्जराःhaving chariots, infantry, and elephants (with them)
स-रथ-पदाति-कुञ्जराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसरथपदातिकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
युयुत्सवःdesirous of fighting
युयुत्सवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुयुत्सु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूशम्greatly, vehemently
भूशम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूशम्
FormAvyaya
अभि-परि-अवारयन्they surrounded/hemmed in
अभि-परि-अवारयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-परि-√वृ (वारय्)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'your sons')
K
Kaurava princes (Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons)
V
Varuṇa
V
Varuṇa’s son (allusive comparison)
D
Droṇācārya
V
Vṛkodara (Bhīma)
C
chariots
I
infantry
E
elephants

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how anger (ruṣā) and the drive to win can escalate violence and lead to collective aggression against a single opponent. It also reflects battlefield ethics and pressure within kṣatriya-dharma: tactical encirclement is permitted, yet the moral tone is darkened when wrath becomes the motive rather than duty.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons, accompanied by Droṇa and supported by a combined force of chariots, infantry, and elephants, rush forward and surround Bhīma (Vṛkodara) from every side, preparing to engage him in concentrated combat.