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Shloka 3

अर्जुनस्य गुरुधर्मविलापः तथा शैनेयकर्णयोर्युद्धारम्भः | Arjuna’s Lament on Guru-Dharma and the Opening of the Sātyaki–Karṇa Duel

पुरुषसिंह सात्यकिके दाँत बड़े सुन्दर थे। उनके कवच और ध्वज भी विचित्र थे। वे मृगकी गन्ध लेते हुए व्याप्रके समान आपकी सेनाको भयभीत कर रहे थे ।। स रथेन चरन्‌ मार्गान्‌ धनुरभ्रामयद्‌ भृशम्‌ । रुक्मपृष्ठं महावेगं रुक्मचन्द्रकसंकुलम्‌,युयुधान रथके द्वारा विभिन्न मार्गोपर विचरते हुए अपने उस महावेगशाली धनुषको जोर-जोरसे घुमा रहे थे, जिसका पृष्ठभाग सोनेसे मढ़ा था और जो सुवर्णमय चन्द्राकार चिह्नोंसे व्याप्त था

sañjaya uvāca | sa rathena caran mārgān dhanur abhrāmayad bhṛśam | rukmapṛṣṭhaṃ mahāvegaṃ rukmacandrakasaṅkulam ||

サンジャヤは言った。ユユダーナ(サーティヤキ)は戦車でさまざまな道筋を駆け巡り、力強く弓を振り回した。その弓は放たれる矢も速く威力も凄まじく、背は黄金で覆われ、黄金の三日月の紋が一面に散りばめられていた――戦の正しき憤怒のただ中で、敵の決意を揺さぶるための、畏怖を呼ぶ示威であった。

सःhe (that one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथेनwith/by the chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
चरन्moving/roaming
चरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
मार्गान्paths/ways
मार्गान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अभ्रामयत्caused to whirl / whirled
अभ्रामयत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular, Causative (णिच्)
भृशम्violently, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
रुक्मपृष्ठम्having a golden back (gold-backed)
रुक्मपृष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरुक्म-पृष्ठ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महावेगम्of great speed/force
महावेगम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा-वेग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रुक्मचन्द्रकसंकुलम्crowded/covered with golden moon-marks
रुक्मचन्द्रकसंकुलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरुक्म-चन्द्रक-संकुल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
युयुधानःYuyudhāna (Sātyaki)
युयुधानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुयुधान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yuyudhāna (Sātyaki)
R
ratha (chariot)
D
dhanuḥ (bow)
R
rukma (gold)
C
candrakā (crescent emblems)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in practice: disciplined martial skill used to uphold one’s side in a dharmic conflict. It also shows how outward signs—weapon mastery, speed, and regal ornamentation—serve an ethical and strategic function by strengthening allies’ confidence and unsettling opponents.

Sañjaya describes Sātyaki (Yuyudhāna) moving rapidly through different routes in his chariot while forcefully whirling his gold-adorned bow, a vivid battlefield image emphasizing his momentum, readiness, and intimidation of the opposing army.