Shloka 101

Chapter 47: Krauñca-vyūha Deployment and Conch-Signals

Kaurava–Pāṇḍava Readiness

Devanagari script

(अवसद्‌ धार्तराष्ट्रस्य कुत्सयन्‌ कर्म दुष्कृतम्‌ सेनामध्ये हि तैः साक॑ युद्धाय कृतनिश्चय: ।।

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | avasad dhārtarāṣṭrasya kutsayan karma duṣkṛtam senāmadhye hi taiḥ sākaṃ yuddhāya kṛtaniścayaḥ || tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā samprahṛṣṭaḥ sahānujaḥ | jagrāha kavacaṃ bhūyo dīptimat kanakojjvalam ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。彼はドリタラーシュトラの子の邪悪な所業を非難し、パーンダヴァと共に戦う決意を固めて、その軍中に留まった。すると王ユディシュティラは、弟たちを伴い大いに喜び、再び金の輝きを放つ光彩ある鎧を取り、身に着けた。

Word by Word

• अवसत्: he stayed / he remained
• अवसत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव√सद्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य: of Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s (son) / of the Dhārtarāṣṭra
• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• कुत्सयन्: censuring
• कुत्सयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कुत्सय्
• Form: Present active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कर्म: deed, action
• कर्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• दुष्कृतम्: evil, wicked (deed)
• दुष्कृतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्कृत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सेनामध्ये: in the midst of the army
• सेनामध्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेनामध्य
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• तैः: with them / by them
• तैः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• साकम्: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साकम्

• युद्धाय: for battle
• युद्धाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: Neuter, Dative, Singular

• कृतनिश्चयः: having made a resolve; determined
• कृतनिश्चयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतनिश्चय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सम्प्रहृष्टः: highly delighted
• सम्प्रहृष्टः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-प्र√हृष्
• Form: Past passive participle (Kta), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• अनुजैः: with (his) younger brothers
• अनुजैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुज
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• जग्राह: took; put on
• जग्राह: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ग्रह्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• कवचम्: armor, cuirass
• कवचम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवच
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• भूयः: again; moreover
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूयस्

• दीप्तिमत्: shining, radiant
• दीप्तिमत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्तिमत्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कनकोज्ज्वलम्: bright like gold; gold-splendid
• कनकोज्ज्वलम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कनकोज्ज्वल
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra (by patronymic dhārtarāṣṭra)
• Duryodhana (implied by dhārtarāṣṭrasya)
• Yudhishthira
• Younger brothers of Yudhishthira (the Pandavas, implied by sahānujaḥ)
• Army (senā)
• Armor/coat of mail (kavaca)
• Gold (kanaka)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid unavoidable war, the text foregrounds ethical judgment: wrongdoing (duṣkṛta) is explicitly censured, while righteous agents act with firm resolve (kṛtaniścaya) and preparedness, aligning duty with moral clarity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that a figure remains within the Kaurava army while condemning Duryodhana’s evil act, having resolved to fight alongside the Pandavas; immediately after, Yudhishthira, joyful with his brothers, puts on a radiant golden armor in preparation for battle.